An overview of the epidemiology and epizootology of brucellosis in selected countries of Central and Southeast Europe

Taleski, Vaso; Zerva, Loukia; Kantardjiev, Todor; Cvetnić, Željko; ́, M. Erski-Biljic; Nikolovski, B; Bosnjakovski, J; Katalinić-Janković, Vera; Panteliadou, A; Stojkoski, S; Kirandziski, Toni

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00250-x

Cited by 74 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…Countries such as Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, and Yugoslavia have suffered from brucellosis in their livestock population [52]. Turkey is also known to be endemic for brucellosis especially in the central, eastern, and southeastern Anatolian regions [53].…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Bamaiyi

2016

Int J One Health

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Brucellosis is the most common worldwide zoonosis with 500,000 new cases every year in humans and infections in millions of animals. This infection is mainly acquired by humans through consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products from infected animals. Exposure can also occur occupationally in those who work closely with animals through contact with aborted fetuses and reproductive secretions. Animals acquire the infection from other infected animals through direct contact and vertical transmission. This infection is prevalent in all continents of the world except Antarctica, but its impact is more felt in developing countries where it is endemic in animals and humans. In certain developed countries where the disease was eradicated, there seem to be a re-emergence of the disease as the disease appears to claim more territory. The risk factors of the disease may vary from country to country and region to region, but most risk factors are similar. Consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products plays a very important role in the transmission of this infection from animals to humans, in addition to direct contact with infected animals and their secretions. The best way to control this ubiquitous infection is through the One Health approach which involves human health, animal health, and environmental health. This paper reviews the prevalence of brucellosis in some countries in various continents of the world and highlights the risk factors responsible for the persistence of this infection in animals and humans with a view to proffering solution to this age-old zoonosis that has defied eradication for many generations in many parts of the world.

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Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Bamaiyi

2016

Int J One Health

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“…In the USA, Canada, Northern Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Southeast Asia, B. melitensis is not enzootic, and only sporadic incursions have been reported. In southern European countries the epidemiological situation is less favorable [18], and the Balkan Peninsula is still a major hotspot. These endemic regions are presumably an important source of disease distribution throughout Europe through illegal imports of contaminated food products and international tourism [19].…”

Section: Global Epidemiology Of Brucellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of laboratory diagnosis on brucellosis therapy

Dahouk

Nöckler

2011

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

167

131

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Brucellosis is one of the world's most widespread bacterial zoonoses, leading to tremendous economic losses in endemic regions and serious complaints in affected patients. The infection may be transmitted by direct animal contact, but is usually acquired through the consumption of contaminated food products of animal origin, mainly via unpasteurized goat's milk and cheese. Furthermore, brucellosis is the most common bacterial laboratory-acquired infection worldwide [1].Although many national and international programs have been established to eradicate the pathogen and control its spreading in animal husbandry, brucellosis is still a re-emerging disease. The surveillance of animal brucellosis is difficult due to bacterial persistence in wildlife and environmental reservoirs, with consecutive spill-over to domestic animals [2].Brucellosis is caused by members of the genus Brucella (B.), which are gram-negative, facultative intracellular coccobacilli that were historically differentiated by their preferred animal host, varying pathogenicity and a few selected phenotypic traits. The genus comprises six classical species: B. melitensis bv 1-3 (primarily isolated from sheep and goats); B. abortus bv 1-6 and 9 (from cattle and other Bovidae); B. suis bv 1-3 (from pigs), bv 4 (from reindeer), bv 5 (from small rodents); B. canis (from dogs); B. ovis (from sheep); and B. neotomae (from desert wood rats). Recently, two novel species of marine origin, B. pinnipedialis (isolated from seals) and B. ceti (from dolphins and whales) [3], B. microti isolated from the common vole (Microtus arvalis) [4], red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) [5] and from soil [6], and B. inopinata isolated from a breast implant wound of a 71-year-old female patient [7] have been described. In the past, a lot of atypical Brucella strains arose. These could represent novel species or lineages of already described species, for example various Brucella strains originating from wild native rodent species in North Queensland, Australia [8], a novel Brucella isolate in association with two cases of stillbirth in nonhuman primates [9], and a B. inopinata-like strain (BO2), which was isolated from a lung biopsy of a 52-year-old Australian patient suffering from chronic destructive pneumonia [10].Physicians' awareness of the infection is very poor in many countries, and most cases correctly identified are clinically advanced. Because of its protean clinical manifestations, human brucellosis can be easily confused with other infectious and noninfectious diseases, leading to diagnostic delays and late onset of therapy. The isolation of the fastidious organisms is often unsuccessful or takes a long time, which is why the presumptive clinical diagnosis is usually confirmed by Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis with a huge economic impact on animal husbandry and public health. The diagnosis of human brucellosis can be protracted because the disease primarily presents as fever of unknown origin with unspecific clinical signs and symptoms. The isolation rate of the fastidiou...

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“…Until then, travelers to Greece and other neighboring countries need to be aware of the possibility of contracting the disease. 36 In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of brucellosis among animals, mainly cattle, sheep, goats and pigs, is poorly estimated or unknown (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Disease Distribution Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%