An overview of the IRIDIUM (R) low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite system

Fossa, Carl; Raines, Richard A.; Gunsch, Gregg H.; Temple, Michael A.

doi:10.1109/naecon.1998.710110

Cited by 111 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This solution can initialize routing table without wasting satellite real-time computing power and reduce difficulty and complexity on applying routing protocol [20] [21] [22]. This paper adopts Iridium constellation network [23] as research object and the network topology is illustrated in figure 1. Iridium constellation topology is designed as Walker star constellation type and has fully global coverage.…”

Section: Network Model Based On Virtual Topologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing in LEO Satellite Networks over Packets Trapped by InterSatellite-Link Switch

Yang¹,

Hu²,

Jin³

et al. 2017

dtcse

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Abstract. LEO (low-earth orbit) satellite networks has dynamic-featured topology in which periodic switch between connectivity and broken-off of ISL (intersatellite link) leads to topological change within switching gap, and forwarding packets would be trapped in satellite cache due to failure original route. Priority-based Rerouting in satellite networks and Shortest Path Set Algorithm with Path Prediction are proposed for sake of less trapped packets by ISL switching. Priority-based rerouting in satellite networks (PR) utilizes virtual topology model to shield dynamic-featured influence, chooses rerouting relay node with highest interplane ISL availability as selection criteria among the intra-orbit neighbors. Shortest Path Set Algorithm with Path Prediction (SPS with path prediction) selects the top three shortest paths as alternative and avoid node with impending interplane ISL failure and make best choice according to predictability of networking state. The two strategies are proved to reduce the trapping rate of forwarding packets.

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Section: Network Model Based On Virtual Topologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing in LEO Satellite Networks over Packets Trapped by InterSatellite-Link Switch

Yang¹,

Hu²,

Jin³

et al. 2017

dtcse

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“…In short time, Motorola announced this new concept for Iridium as "a global communications system that will allow people to communicate by telephone anywhere on Earthwhether on land, at sea or in the air -via portable cellular radiotelephones operating as part of a satellite-based system," 9 . Numerous companies, including Motorola, Kyocera, Lockheed Martin, and Raytheon, helped to design and develop the Iridium system.…”

Section: A Iridiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iridium represented one of the biggest technical achievements in space communications in the 1990's, delivering more than 1,000 patents 8 . The system includes inter-sat links, ground control facilities, terrestrial Earth gateways (to interconnect with telephone networks), and the actual mobile phones and pagers 9 . By 1998, when the system became operational, the system had cost over $5 billion to build and maintain 8 .…”

Section: A Iridiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Studies of Historical Epoch Shifts: Impacts on Space Systems and their Responses

Beesemyer

Ross

Rhodes

2012

AIAA SPACE 2012 Conference &Amp; Exposition

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Developing space systems often comes with high costs and long development times, resulting in significant investment. Space systems can take large amounts of resources to design, build, test, field, and operate, and can be required to operate for long periods of time in very harsh environments.These environments may be dynamic and possibly unanticipated during design and development. Given the large investment, space systems are expected to succeed in spite of encountering perturbations (disturbances or epoch shifts) that could impact their value delivery. The concept of value sustainment is proposed as the ability to maintain value delivery in the presence of such perturbations. Of the two types of perturbations, responses to epoch shifts (i.e. shift in context and/or needs) are investigated in this paper. The construct of Epoch Shift-Impact-Response-Outcome is proposed as a way to characterize and analyze historical system responses to changing operating contexts and needs. Four different historical cases, Iridium, Globalstar, Teledesic, and Galileo, and associated epoch shifts, are described, providing insights into how systems can respond to perturbations and what system characteristics aid in that process. The concept of ilities is briefly introduced, linking the system response to qualities that make a system successful. The epoch shift case studies, along with the corresponding displayed ilities in these systems, may provide a useful framework for future study. A broad survey of past systems characterized in this way may provide insights into the types of dynamic uncertainties that pose risks to such systems, as well as patterns of response (i.e. ilities) for such systems, in order to enhance the ability to intentionally design for value sustainment across dynamic operating environments in the future.

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“…The capacity of Iridium is quoted as 72,600 channels. 4 Next comes the process of designing a constellation that meets this capacity requirement, N ch , while minimizing life cycle cost, LCC. Life cycle cost includes RDT&E, satellite manufacturing and test, launch, deployment and checkout, ground stations, operations and replenishment.…”

Section: Traditional Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staged Deployment of Communications Satellite Constellations in Low Earth Orbit

Weck

Neufville

Chaize

2004

Journal of Aerospace Computing, Information, and Communication

154

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The "traditional" way of designing constellations of communications satellites in low Earth orbit is to optimize the design for a specified global capacity. This approach is based on a forecast of the expected number of users and their activity level, both of which are highly uncertain. This can lead to economic failure if the actual demand is significantly smaller than the one predicted. This paper presents an alternative flexible approach. The idea is to deploy the constellation progressively, starting with a smaller, more affordable capacity that can be increased in stages as necessary by launching additional satellites and reconfiguring the existing constellation in orbit. It is shown how to find the best reconfigurable constellations within a given design space. The approach, in effect, provides system designers and managers with real options that enable them to match the system evolution path to the actual unfolding demand scenario. A case study demonstrates significant economic benefits of the proposed approach, when applied to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations of communications satellites. In the process, life cycle cost and capacity are traded against each other for a given fixed per-channel performance requirement. The benefits of the staged approach demonstrably increase, with greater levels of demand uncertainty. A generalized framework is proposed for large capacity systems facing high demand uncertainty.

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An overview of the IRIDIUM (R) low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite system

Cited by 111 publications

References 8 publications

Routing in LEO Satellite Networks over Packets Trapped by InterSatellite-Link Switch

Routing in LEO Satellite Networks over Packets Trapped by InterSatellite-Link Switch

Case Studies of Historical Epoch Shifts: Impacts on Space Systems and their Responses

Staged Deployment of Communications Satellite Constellations in Low Earth Orbit

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