An overview on dry reforming of methane: strategies to reduce carbonaceous deactivation of catalysts

Arora, Shalini; Прасад, Рам

doi:10.1039/c6ra20450c

Cited by 471 publications

(326 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Thus, with the former, the CH 4 yield is noticeable higher (around 0.05, whereas it is almost null for the Ni/LaAl and NiAl 2 O 4 spinel catalyst), and, consequently, the H 2 yield is lower (between 0.63-0.71 for the perovskite catalysts, whereas it is 0.74 and 0.77 for Ni/LaAl and NiAl 2 O 4 , respectively). This result evidences the lower activity of the Ni-La perovskite catalysts for the CH 4 reforming reaction and, moreover, the importance of Al 2 O 3 support for promoting this reaction [59]. Nevertheless, the perovskite catalysts are highly active for the reforming of light hydrocarbons, whose yield at zero time on stream is negligible, similarly to the Ni/LaAl and NiAl 2 O 4 catalysts.…”

Section: Bulk Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…This result evidences the lower activity of the Ni-La perovskite catalysts for the CH4 reforming reaction and, moreover, the importance of Al2O3 support for promoting this reaction [59]. Nevertheless, the perovskite catalysts are highly active for the reforming of light hydrocarbons, whose yield at zero time on stream is negligible, similarly to the Ni/LaAl and NiAl2O4 catalysts.…”

Section: Bulk Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Oxidative Steam Reforming of Raw Bio-Oil over Supported and Bulk Ni Catalysts for Hydrogen Production

et al. 2018

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Several Ni catalysts of supported (on La 2 O 3 -αAl 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , and CeO 2 -ZrO 2 ) or bulk types (Ni-La perovskites and NiAl 2 O 4 spinel) have been tested in the oxidative steam reforming (OSR) of raw bio-oil, and special attention has been paid to the catalysts' regenerability by means of studies on reaction-regeneration cycles. The experimental set-up consists of two units in series, for the separation of pyrolytic lignin in the first step (at 500 • C) and the on line OSR of the remaining oxygenates in a fluidized bed reactor at 700 • C. The spent catalysts have been characterized by N 2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction and temperature programmed reduction, and temperature programmed oxidation (TPO). The results reveal that among the supported catalysts, the best balance between activity-H 2 selectivity-stability corresponds to Ni/La 2 O 3 -αAl 2 O 3 , due to its smaller Ni 0 particle size. Additionally, it is more selective to H 2 than perovskite catalysts and more stable than both perovskites and the spinel catalyst. However, the activity of the bulk NiAl 2 O 4 spinel catalyst can be completely recovered after regeneration by coke combustion at 850 • C because the spinel structure is completely recovered, which facilitates the dispersion of Ni in the reduction step prior to reaction. Consequently, this catalyst is suitable for the OSR at a higher scale in reaction-regeneration cycles.

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Section: Bulk Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Bulk Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Oxidative Steam Reforming of Raw Bio-Oil over Supported and Bulk Ni Catalysts for Hydrogen Production

et al. 2018

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“…Non‐noble metal (Ni, Co and Fe) based catalysts have been investigated widely among which Ni‐based catalysts are the most commonly used . However, catalyst deactivation resulting from carbon deposition is more of a problem to these catalysts, which mainly originates from CH 4 decomposition (MD, CH 4 →2H 2 +C) and Boudouard reaction (BR, 2CO→CO 2 +C) …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2CO + 2H 2 ) has been investigated for nearly a century and gained additional interest recently for its potential to convert two greenhouse gases into syngas. [1] The process usually requires temperatures between 800 8C and 1000 8C with the presence of a catalyst to attain high conversion of CH 4 and CO 2 and to minimize carbon deposition, a major catalyst deactivation mechanism. [2] Noble metal (Rh, Ru, Pd and Pt) based catalysts are known for their high stability and activity but their high prices hinder the application.…”

Section: Measuring the Unmeasurable By Ir Spectroscopy: Carbon Deposimentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Unmeasurable by IR Spectroscopy: Carbon Deposition Kinetics in Dry Reforming of Methane

et al. 2018

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Dry reforming of methane converts two greenhouse gases to syngas, and Ni catalysts are commonly used for this reaction. A major catalyst deactivation mechanism is carbon deposition. Although numerous kinetic modelling works have been performed on carbon formation, there have been only scarce attempts to measure carbon deposition kinetics under relevant (but not real) conditions, owing to technical difficulties. Here, we report the first successful measurements of the kinetics under real reaction conditions. This was made possible by using a novel algorithm that we have developed. We use IR to measure the molar fractions of unreacted CH and CO , and reaction products, CO and H O, in the effluent from the reactor. By applying the general mass balance principle and the relevant reaction stoichiometries, the carbon deposition rate as well as the flow rates of all these gases in the effluent, including H , are calculated. Compared to the dominant GC-based approach for catalyst performance evaluation, this method has much higher time resolution and much smaller measurement errors.

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“…The large number of units installed to produce synthesis gas (worldwide 2378 units in operation in 2014 with a power equivalent of 117 GW thermal output) require highly active but also stable catalysts . Noble and base metals can be used as catalytically active components; however, the large volume of catalysts required for methane reforming allows only base‐metal catalysts such as Ni and Co to be economically feasible …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Activity in Methane Dry Reforming by Carbon Dioxide Induced Metal‐Oxide Interface Restructuring of Nickel/Zirconia

et al. 2017

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The activity of the Ni/ZrO2 catalyst for the dry reforming of methane was significantly enhanced by activation and regeneration in the presence of CO2. Exposure to CO2 maximized and dynamically restructured the Ni–ZrO2 interface, which was critical to obtain a stable catalyst. The ZrO2−x species at this interface was found to act catalytically by accepting and transferring one oxygen atom of CO2 to the Ni surface, which resulted in the release of CO in the decomposition of transiently formed carbonates. This was found to open a fast additional reaction pathway to convert CO2 that eclipsed direct CO2 dissociation on Ni. The kinetically controlled availability of atomic oxygen by this pathway reduced the carbon concentration on the surface, which led to less refractory carbon deposition and more facile regeneration.

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An overview on dry reforming of methane: strategies to reduce carbonaceous deactivation of catalysts

Abstract: Catalytic reforming of methane (CH4) with carbon dioxide (CO2), known as dry reforming of methane (DRM), produces synthesis gas, which is a mixture of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO).

Cited by 471 publications

References 88 publications

Oxidative Steam Reforming of Raw Bio-Oil over Supported and Bulk Ni Catalysts for Hydrogen Production

Oxidative Steam Reforming of Raw Bio-Oil over Supported and Bulk Ni Catalysts for Hydrogen Production

Measuring the Unmeasurable by IR Spectroscopy: Carbon Deposition Kinetics in Dry Reforming of Methane

Enhanced Activity in Methane Dry Reforming by Carbon Dioxide Induced Metal‐Oxide Interface Restructuring of Nickel/Zirconia

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