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We identify that reversible formation/decomposition of lithium oxide, pulverization of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, and electrolyte reactions, are contributors to the enhanced capacity observed in the Fe 3 O 4 electrode upon long cycling. Introducing three-dimensional graphene foam to form a composite with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles largely increases the capacity (~1220 mA h g −1 vs.~690 mA h g −1) and promotes the cycling induced capacity enhancement (an earlier capacity rise and a faster rising rate) of the Fe 3 O 4 electrode. Together with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, the presence of graphene effectively promotes the electrolyte reactions and reversible formation/ decomposition of lithium oxide. At the same time, activation of GF also occurs in the presence of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, further increases the capacity of the nanocomposite.

Objective: To compare progression in shortwavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) and white-onwhite (standard) perimetry in eyes with progressive glaucomatous changes of the optic disc detected by serial stereophotographs. Methods: Forty-seven glaucoma patients with at least 2 disc stereophotographs more than 2 years apart, along with standard perimetry and SWAP examinations within 6 months of each disc photo of the same eye, were included in the study. The mean follow-up time was 4.1 years (range, 2.0-8.9 years). Baseline and follow-up stereophotographs were then graded and compared for the presence of progression. Progression in standard perimetry and SWAP, using the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study scoring system and a clinical scoring system, was compared between eyes with progressive change on stereophotographs and those without. Results: Twenty-two of 47 eyes showed progressive change by stereophotographs. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean change in Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study scores for both standard perimetry (PϽ.004) and SWAP (PϽ.001) between the progressed and nonprogressed groups. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve were higher using SWAP than standard perimetry when evaluated by either algorithm. This was statistically significant only in the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study scoring system (P=.04). Conclusions: Short-wavelength automated perimetry identified more patients than standard perimetry as having progressive glaucomatous changes of the optic disc. Compared with standard perimetry, SWAP may improve the detection of progressive glaucoma.

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A nanosized β‐Si3N4‐based powder doped with sintering additives of 6 wt% Al2O3 and 8 wt% Y2O3 were sintered by spark plasma sintering at different heating rates. The in situ shrinkage curves were measured to identify the densification mechanism during the rise in temperature. At slower heating rates (50 and 100°C/min), the nanosized grains are maintained after sintering at 1600°C for 5 min, while anisotropic grain growth is accelerated above 1500°C by applying a rapid heating cycle (200°C/min). In addition to the dynamic Ostwald ripening that occur during the sintering process, the presence of Morié fringes and dislocations is attributed to grain rotation and misfit strain between the subgrains and elongated, large grains. Grain coalescence is found to occur in the rapid heating process.