An overview on the origin of adakites/adakitic rocks and related porphyry Cu-Au mineralization, Northern Luzon, Philippines

Deng, Jianghong; Yang, Xiaoyong; Zhang, Lipeng; Duan, Liuan; Mastoi, Abdul Shakoor; Li, He

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103610

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Among the Circum-Pacific magmatic arcs, adakites, high-Nb basalts and associated Cu-Au porphyry and epithermal deposits are most common in the Philippines [189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198], Indonesia [189,[199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209], the Papua New Guinea orogen and surrounding Melanysian volcanic arcs [210][211][212][213][214][215][216] as well as along the Andean magmatic arc and the convergent margin of south-eastern Alaska [241][242][243][244][245].…”

Section: Circum-pacific Magmatic Arcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-Nb basalts are believed to be products of partial melting of adakite-contaminated peridotite source [59], or mafic melts derived from mixing of HFSE-enriched asthenospheric and depleted lithospheric sources within the mantle wedge beneath the Philippines island arc system [130,155]. As a fully-developed, tectonically complex island-arc system with a protracted magmatic history and igneous rocks ranging in composition from arc tholeiite to calc-alkaline and adakite (with high-Nb basalt) series, the Philippines host numerous copper-gold porphyry and epithermal gold deposits and mineral showings of Mesozoic to Late Cenozoic age [103,[190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198]. Porphyry-type copper-gold and epithermal (both high-and lowsulfidation) mineralization in the Philippines can be grouped into several metallogenic provinces (Figure 12), including the West Luzon arc (Lepanto Far Southeast, Acupan-Itogon, Antamok, Santo Tomas II, Didipio, Minlawi, Batong Buhay, Nyak-Suyoc, Victoria, Marian, Runrun, Dinkidi, Santo Niño and Dizon deposits, East Rizal and Baguio mining districts), the Paracale mining district in southeastern Luzon (Santa Elena, Tabas, Longos, Paracale deposits), Southwestern Negros (Bulawan and Sipalay Cu-Au deposits), Cebu Island (Atlas mine consisting of Biga, Carmen and Lutopan deposits) and Mindanao (Figure 12-giant Tampakan deposit in the south, Canatuan Cu-Zn-Au-Ag system on Zamboanga Peninsula in the west, Boyongan porphyry deposit in the northeast and Kingking cluster including Batoto, Bukal, Maragusan, Masara, Amacan, Sumlog and Kingking ore bodies in the southeast).…”

Section: Philippinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both porphyry and epithermal mineralization at Baguio is hosted in Plio-Pleistocene magmatic rocks that show distinct adakitic geochemical characteristics (Figure 13). The formation of porphyry copper mineralization is related to the subduction of the Scarborough Ridge and South China Sea oceanic lithosphere along the Manila Trench [193,194]. The Lepanto mineral cluster (Figure 12; Table 8) is associated with Pleistocene dacitic volcanics, which host porphyry copper mineralization (the FSE and Guinaoang deposits, Bulalacao and Buaki-Palidan prospects), enargite-luzonite replacement veins (Lepanto copper-gold deposit) and quartz-gold-base metal sulfide veins (Suyoc and Victoria gold deposits, Nayak-Palidan prospects).…”

Section: Philippinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; NE Mindanao [103,192]; Brambang [209]; Cebu Island New Guinea (PNG). Data sources: Kelian [207]; NE Mindanao [103,192]; Brambang [209]; Cebu Island (Atlas, Lutopan) [195]; Baguio mineral district [103,193,194,197]; Dinkidi [190]; Lepanto cluster [103,194,197]; Dizon [198]; Tampakan [191,196]; Wamum [212].…”

Section: Philippinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variations of Sr/Y versus Y (ppm) in igneous rocks associated with porphyry Cu-Au-Mo (triangles) and epithermal Au-Ag (circles) deposits in the Philippines, Indonesia and PapuaNew Guinea (PNG). Data sources: Kelian[207]; NE Mindanao[103,192]; Brambang[209]; Cebu Island (Atlas, Lutopan)[195]; Baguio mineral district[103,193,194,197]; Dinkidi[190]; Lepanto cluster[103,194,197]; Dizon[198]; Tampakan[191,196]; Wamum[212].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adakites, High-Nb Basalts and Copper–Gold Deposits in Magmatic Arcs and Collisional Orogens: An Overview

et al. 2022

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Adakites are Y- and Yb-depleted, SiO2- and Sr-enriched rocks with elevated Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios originally thought to represent partial melts of subducted metabasalt, based on their association with the subduction of young (<25 Ma) and hot oceanic crust. Later, adakites were found in arc segments associated with oblique, slow and flat subduction, arc–transform intersections, collision zones and post-collisional extensional environments. New models of adakite petrogenesis include the melting of thickened and delaminated mafic lower crust, basalt underplating of the continental crust and high-pressure fractionation (amphibole ± garnet) of mantle-derived, hydrous mafic melts. In some cases, adakites are associated with Nb-enriched (10 ppm < Nb < 20 ppm) and high-Nb (Nb > 20 ppm) arc basalts in ancient and modern subduction zones (HNBs). Two types of HNBs are recognized on the basis of their geochemistry. Type I HNBs (Kamchatka, Honduras) share N-MORB-like isotopic and OIB-like trace element characteristics and most probably originate from adakite-contaminated mantle sources. Type II HNBs (Sulu arc, Jamaica) display high-field strength element enrichments in respect to island-arc basalts coupled with enriched, OIB-like isotopic signatures, suggesting derivation from asthenospheric mantle sources in arcs. Adakites and, to a lesser extent, HNBs are associated with Cu–Au porphyry and epithermal deposits in Cenozoic magmatic arcs (Kamchatka, Phlippines, Indonesia, Andean margin) and Paleozoic-Mesozoic (Central Asian and Tethyan) collisional orogens. This association is believed to be not just temporal and structural but also genetic due to the hydrous (common presence of amphibole and biotite), highly oxidized (>ΔFMQ > +2) and S-rich (anhydrite in modern Pinatubo and El Chichon adakite eruptions) nature of adakite magmas. Cretaceous adakites from the Stanovoy Suture Zone in Far East Russia contain Cu–Ag–Au and Cu–Zn–Mo–Ag alloys, native Au and Pt, cupriferous Ag in association witn barite and Ag-chloride. Stanovoy adakites also have systematically higher Au contents in comparison with volcanic arc magmas, suggesting that ore-forming hydrothermal fluids responsible for Cu–Au(Mo–Ag) porphyry and epithermal mineralization in upper crustal environments could have been exsolved from metal-saturated, H2O–S–Cl-rich adakite magmas. The interaction between depleted mantle peridotites and metal-rich adakites appears to be capable of producing (under a certain set of conditions) fertile sources for HNB melts connected with some epithermal Au (Porgera) and porphyry Cu–Au–Mo (Tibet, Iran) mineralized systems in modern and ancient subduction zones.

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