An own-race advantage for components as well as configurations in face recognition

Hayward, William G.; Rhodes, Gillian; Schwaninger, Adrian

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.04.002

Cited by 149 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Finally, there was little benefit of contact experience for our Chinese participants in judging the gender of Chinese faces, except for scrambled faces in Experiment 2, which is consistent with recent findings that contact experience with own-race faces helps with the analysis of scrambled faces (Hayward et al, 2008). A benefit for categorizing the gender of own-race normal upright faces has previously been shown by O'Toole, Peterson, and Deffenbacher (1996).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In addition, this study does not rule out a role for other forms of componential face processing, such as that derived from principal component analysis (e.g., Valentin, Abdi, Edelman, & O'Toole, 1997). Consistent with studies of part-based identity processing (e.g., Hayward, Rhodes, & Schwaninger, 2008;Schwaninger et al, 2002), gender recognition based on face components (i.e., scrambled face parts) was also better than chance. However, the present study indicates that part-based processing is modulated by holistic processing of the face, even for gender perception.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Upright Versus Inverted Facessupporting

confidence: 67%

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Holistic processing underlies gender judgments of faces

Zhao

Hayward

2010

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics

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In three experiments, we investigated whether holistic processing underlies gender judgments about faces. Chinese participants were asked to make gender judgments for inverted, scrambled, or composite faces. Results showed that judgments were dramatically impaired by these manipulations (as compared with performance for normal upright faces), demonstrating three hallmark effects of holistic face processing that have been observed in perception of face identity. Whether the test faces were Chinese or Caucasian showed no effect on holistic processing of gender perception, in contrast to studies of identity analysis. These results suggest that holistic processing is a general mechanism for different aspects of face perception and are consistent with the idea that physiognomic properties that determine the gender of a face are universal, rather than race specific

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Experiments 1: Upright Versus Inverted Facessupporting

confidence: 67%

Holistic processing underlies gender judgments of faces

Zhao

Hayward

2010

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics

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“…Several studies have suggested that two kinds of face representations are coded in face perception: configural and featural representations (e.g., Bartlett, Searcy, & Abdi, 2003;Cabeza & Kato, 2000;Collishaw & Hole, 2000;Hayward, Rhodes, & Schwaninger, 2008;Leder & Bruce, 1998;Schwaninger, Lobmaier, & Collishaw, 2002; for an overview see Schwaninger et al, 2003Schwaninger et al, , 2006. But are these representations independent of each other?…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Routes to Face Perception: Evidence From Psychophysics and Computational Modeling

et al. 2009

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The aim of this study was to separately analyze the role of featural and configural face representations. Stimuli containing only featural information were created by cutting the faces into their parts and scrambling them. Stimuli only containing configural information were created by blurring the faces. Employing an old-new recognition task, the aim of Experiments 1 and 2 was to investigate whether unfamiliar faces (Exp. 1) or familiar faces (Exp. 2) can be recognized if only featural or configural information is provided. Both scrambled and blurred faces could be recognized above chance level. A further aim of Experiments 1 and 2 was to investigate whether our method of creating configural and featural stimuli is valid. Pre-activation of one form of representation did not facilitate recognition of the other, neither for unfamiliar faces (Exp. 1) nor for familiar faces (Exp. 2). This indicates a high internal validity of our method for creating configural and featural face stimuli. Experiment 3 examined whether features placed in their correct categorical relational position but with distorted metrical distances facilitated recognition of unfamiliar faces. These faces were recognized no better than the scrambled faces in Experiment 1, providing further evidence that facial features are stored independently of configural information. From these results we conclude that both featural and configural information are important to recognize a face and argue for a dual-mode hypothesis of face processing. Using the psychophysical results as motivation, we propose a computational framework that implements featural and configural processing routes using an appearance-based representation based on local features and their spatial relations. In three computational experiments (Experiments 4-6) using the same sets of stimuli, we show how this framework is able to model the psychophysical data.

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“…An interesting open question is whether this part decomposition contribution derives from general object recognition mechanisms or from a part decomposition module or stage specifically within the face recognition system. A recent finding that the other-race effect (poorer memory for other-than for own-race faces) occurs for isolated position-scrambled face parts (Hayward, Rhodes, & Schwaninger, 2008) is suggestive that part decomposition might occur within the face system (although note that the result could also derive from a general familiarity effect within the object recognition system).…”

Section: A Twofold Contribution Of Face Parts To Face Recognition?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why does picture-plane inversion sometimes dissociate perception of features and spacing in faces, and sometimes not? Toward a new theory of holistic processing

McKone

Yovel

2009

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

269

248

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778Face recognition is critical for our daily social interactions. The ease with which we discriminate among the thousands of faces that we encounter throughout our life is remarkable, given the very similar structure and features that all faces share. An important contribution to this ability, which is found for upright but not inverted faces, is presumed to be a style of perceptual processing commonly referred to as holistic (Tanaka & Farah, 1993), configural ), or second-order relational (Diamond & Carey, 1986. This type of processing has classically been thought to include information about the spacing among the major face features but to exclude information about the shape and/ or color of these features. The goal of this review is to examine whether published data support this prevalent claim. We first will describe the theoretical question and present the basic terminology used in studies of holistic/ configural face processing. We then will critically examine the results of 22 studies that investigated the effect of picture-plane inversion on the processing of spacing and/ or features in faces. At the end, we will integrate these findings with the results of studies in which various other methodologies were used (e.g., childhood development, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, individual differences) and will suggest an alternative view about the nature of holistic/configural processing of faces. The Aspects of Facial Information Included in Holistic Processing for Upright FacesIt is well established that holistic/configural/secondorder relational processing operates only for upright faces and not for inverted (upside-down) faces. Classic evidence includes the composite effect (Young, Hellawell, & Hay, 1987), in which identifying a top half-face suffers interference from alignment of a competing-identity bottom half, as compared with a misaligned condition, and the part-whole effect (Tanaka & Farah, 1993), in which memory for a face part is much better in the context of the studied whole face than when presented alone. Both the composite and part-whole effects are obtained for upright faces but not inverted faces, and these and many other paradigms confirm a qualitative difference between the perceptual processing of faces in the upright and inverted orientations (for recent reviews, see McKone, in press;Rossion, 2008).An open theoretical question concerns the aspect or aspects of facial information that are included within the mental holistic/configural/second-order relational repre-© Classically, it has been presumed that picture-plane inversion primarily reduces sensitivity to spacing/ configural information in faces (distance between location of the major features) and has little effect on sensitivity to local feature information (e.g., eye shape or color). Here, we review 22 published studies relevant to this claim. Data show that the feature inversion effect varied substantially across studies as a function of the following factors: whether the feature change was shape only or included color/brightness...

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An own-race advantage for components as well as configurations in face recognition

Cited by 149 publications

References 25 publications

Holistic processing underlies gender judgments of faces

Holistic processing underlies gender judgments of faces

Two Routes to Face Perception: Evidence From Psychophysics and Computational Modeling

Why does picture-plane inversion sometimes dissociate perception of features and spacing in faces, and sometimes not? Toward a new theory of holistic processing

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