An Ultra‐Stable, Oxygen‐Supply Nanoprobe Emitting in Near‐Infrared‐II Window to Guide and Enhance Radiotherapy by Promoting Anti‐Tumor Immunity

Abstract

Currently, radiotherapy (RT) is the main method for cancer treatment. However, the hypoxic environment of solid tumors is likely to cause resistance or failure of RT. Moreover, high‐dose radiation may cause side effects to surrounding normal tissues. In this study, a new type of nanozyme is developed by doping Mn (II) ions into Ag2Se quantum dots (QDs) emitting in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm). Through the catalysis of Mn (II) ions, the nanozymes can trigger the rapid decomposition of H2O2 and produce O2. Conjugated with tumor‐targeting arginine‐glycine‐aspartate (RGD) tripeptides and polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules, the nanozymes are then constructed into in vivo nanoprobes for NIR‐II imaging‐guided RT of tumors. Owing to the radiosensitive activity of the element Ag, the nanoprobes can promote radiation energy deposition. The specific tumor‐targeting and NIR‐II emitting abilities of the nanoprobes facilitate the precise tumor localization, which enables precise RT with low side effects. Moreover, their ultra‐stability in the living body ensures that the nanoprobes continuously produce oxygen and relieve the hypoxia of tumors to enhance RT efficacy. Guided by real‐time and high‐clarity imaging, the nanoprobe‐mediated RT promotes anti‐tumor immunity, which significantly inhibits the growth of tumors or even cures them completely.

Nanozymes: Versatile Platforms for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

“…However, the low O 2 level in the tumor microenvironment usually leads to cancer radio-resistance or failure of RT. To overcome this dilemma, Wang et al doped Mn 2+ into second near-infrared (NIR-II)-emitting Ag 2 Se quantum dots to endow the system with CAT-like activity [136]. By the catalysis of Mn 2+ in the quantum dots, H 2 O 2 was decomposed into O 2 .…”

Application of Quantum Dots in Bio-Sensing, Bio-Imaging, Drug Delivery, Anti-Bacterial Activity, Photo-Thermal, Photo-Dynamic Therapy, and Optoelectronic Devices

“…Researchers have fostered nanozymes by doping Mn (II) and Silver Selenide quantum dots particles (Ag2Se QDs) transmitting in the second near-infrared window. These nanozymes are attached with cancer targeting arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) tripeptides and polyethylene glycol and built into in vivo nanoformulations for NIR-II imaging-directed radiation treatment of malignancy [21]. Tumor particularity and NIR-II radiating abilities of the nanoprobes empower exact confinement, giving exact RT.…”

“…Carboxylated CuInS/ZnS QDs (ZCIS QDs) were added to intraocular lenses by a facial initiation-immersion technique to warm up the lenses and keep the cells from sticking to the lens surface. This technique could assist with regarding cataract development as well as posterior capsule opacification (PCO) [21].…”

Manganese‐Based Nanozymes: Preparation, Catalytic Mechanisms, and Biomedical Applications

“…This nanozyme can accurately target TME, and the CAT-like activity of the Mn (II) component can rapidly convert H 2 O 2 into O 2 . [70] Cheng et al reported a cage-like carbon-Mn nanozyme with CATlike activity that catalyzes the production of O 2 from H 2 O 2 in the TME to overcome tumor hypoxia and enhance PDT, coupled with PTT for optimal therapeutic efficacy [90] (Figure 4a). In another report, the researchers used MnO 2 , GOx, and BSA-Chlorine e6 to make MBG.…”