An Ultrasensitive Contact Lens Sensor Based On Self‐Assembly Graphene For Continuous Intraocular Pressure Monitoring

Abstract

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the leading cause of glaucoma. As glaucoma is an irreversible neurological eye disease, it is urgent to realize timely and accurate IOP detection for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Here, a contact lens sensor for continuous IOP monitoring using self-assembly graphene (SAG), is developed. The combination of face-to-face water transfer printing and micro-electromechanical systems technology can realize the batch preparation of such a sensor. The sensor has good light transmittance and temperature stability. It exhibits an ultra-high IOP sensitivity of 1.0164 mV mm Hg −1 on a silicone eye, and 3.166 mV mm Hg −1 in vitro on the porcine eye with remarkable linearity. The sensitivity of the proposed sensor is high enough to be read by a commercial radio frequency identification read-write system for continuous wireless monitoring of IOP. Furthermore, the as-prepared sensor can work as normal for 24 h in phosphate buffer saline.

Recent Progress in Intelligent Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring and Wound Healing Based on Biofluids

“…(L) An ionic bioelectronic skin patch for monitoring of temperature, pressure, pH, and electrocardiogram data (Shi and Wu, 2021). 2017; Mishra et al, 2018;Choi et al, 2019), small molecules (Munje et al, 2017;Parlak et al, 2018;Li et al, 2021), biochemical factors (Mak et al, 2015), and environmental signals (Pal et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2021;Shi and Wu, 2021). This section systematically summarizes the latest applications of intelligent wearable sensors for monitoring biomarkers in various biofluids (Figure 1) as summarized in Table 2.…”

“…in vitro and in vivo for health monitoring ( Sturgeon et al, 2008 ; Jia et al, 2012 ; Gromov et al, 2013 ; Broza et al, 2015 ; Heikenfeld et al, 2019 ; Shrivastava et al, 2020 ). These biomarkers include physiological metabolites ( Han et al, 2017 ; Tur-Garcia et al, 2017 ; Mishra et al, 2018 ; Choi et al, 2019 ), small molecules ( Munje et al, 2017 ; Parlak et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2021 ), biochemical factors ( Mak et al, 2015 ), and environmental signals ( Pal et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2021 ; Shi and Wu, 2021 ). This section systematically summarizes the latest applications of intelligent wearable sensors for monitoring biomarkers in various biofluids ( Figure 1 ) as summarized in Table 2 .…”

“…(H) A thermotherapy recessive lens for monitoring IL-1α ( Mak et al, 2015 ). (I) A contact lens sensor capable of continuous intraocular pressure monitoring ( Liu et al, 2021 ). (J) A smart bandage for optical monitoring of pH ( Kassal et al, 2017 ).…”

“…In addition, tear glucose monitoring was performed using a highly sensitive FET biosensor. Liu et al (2021) designed and fabricated an ultra-sensitive contact lens sensor to continuously monitor IOP. The contact lens was formed by compounding a uniform graphene film on a flexible polyimide substrate via face-to-face water transfer technology.…”

“…Tears often contain analytes similar to other biofluids, including glucose, Na + , and K + ( Tseng et al, 2018 ). Contact lens-based portable sensors enable tear collection efforts, but sophisticated sensor design concepts are often required ( Kim et al, 2017c ; Liu et al, 2021 ).…”