An ultrasonographic scoring method for transabdominal monitoring of ascarid burdens in foals

Nielsen, Martin K.; Donoghue, E.M.; Stephens, McAllister; Stowe, C. Jill; Donecker, John; Fenger, Claus

doi:10.1111/evj.12478

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…; Nielsen et al . , ; Bellaw, J.L., Pagan, J., Cadell, S., Pethean, E., Donecker, J.M. and Nielsen, M.K., unpublished data).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Because egg counts cannot be used to estimate infection intensity, a transabdominal ultrasound technique was recently evaluated for monitoring ascarid burdens (Nielsen et al . , ). While an ultrasonographic scoring system did support a semiquantitative interpretation of ascarids present in the small intestinal lumen of foals, the generated data were somewhat variable.…”

Section: Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, an ultrasound‐based screening strategy may not be cost‐efficient if ascarid impactions occur at rates <5%, depending on a number of other variables (Nielsen et al . , ). Nonetheless, transabdominal ultrasonography represents a useful clinical diagnostic tool as adult ascarids are highly echogenic and thus readily identifiable on the monitor screen.…”

Section: Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence‐based considerations for control of Parascaris spp. infections in horses

Nielsen

2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Parascaris spp. infection is virtually ubiquitous in young foals and worm burdens can achieve high numbers. The most important disease manifestation is impaction of the small intestine, which occurs in a small proportion of infected foals but is associated with a guarded prognosis for survival. Control of Parascaris spp. is complicated by emerging resistance to currently available anthelmintic drug classes. Resistance to macrocyclic lactones has been reported worldwide and a few studies have also documented signs of resistance to pyrantel salts and benzimidazoles. Foals generally develop immunity to Parascaris spp. parasites around age 6 months, but a proportion of weanlings and yearlings can harbour smaller burdens at age 8–10 months. Older horses have occasionally been reported with substantial ascarid burdens as well. Qualitative detection of ascarid eggs has good diagnostic value whereas an actual egg count does not correlate well with the size of the worm burden. A recent investigation documented the applicability of a transabdominal ultrasound technique for semiquantitatively monitoring ascarid burdens in foals. Control of ascarids is complicated by the limited drug classes available for treating this parasite, and by the fact that foals are often concurrently infected with strongyles. In many cases, none of the 3 available anthelmintic classes are simultaneously effective against both parasite groups, so close monitoring is required to select the most appropriate anthelmintic in each case.

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“…; Nielsen et al . , ; Bellaw, J.L., Pagan, J., Cadell, S., Pethean, E., Donecker, J.M. and Nielsen, M.K., unpublished data).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence‐based considerations for control of Parascaris spp. infections in horses

Nielsen

2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…In addition, it is commonly observed that ascarid egg counts decline several weeks prior to natural elimination of adult worms from the small intestine (Nielsen et al . ). A recently developed transabdominal ultrasonographic technique is capable of estimating the relative size of an ascarid burden in foals (Nielsen et al .…”

Section: Two To 6 Monthsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Control of helminth parasites in juvenile horses

Reinemeyer

Nielsen

2016

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Parasite control in juvenile horses remains a substantial challenge for veterinary practitioners and their clients. This age group is at risk for various types of parasitic disease because their worm burdens tend to be larger and more diverse than in mature horses. This contrast is largely attributable to marked differences in relative levels of acquired immunity. Frequent, perennial anthelmintic treatment is not a sustainable approach for parasite control in this age group, but the simple, surveillance‐based parasite control strategies recommended for mature horses are not appropriate for juveniles either. Maneuvering through the early years of a horse's life requires up‐to‐date knowledge about biology and epidemiology of the parasite species in play as well as local evidence regarding the anthelmintic resistance status of each herd. This article provides an overview of the most important helminth parasites to target in a control programme for juvenile horses, and highlights how the target species change as horses age. Young foals (<2 months) are exposed to Strongyloides westeri and Parascaris spp., whereas the primary target parasite in foals between age 2 months and weaning is Parascaris spp. Beyond weaning, the focus shifts away from ascarids, and the targets instead are strongyles and tapeworms. Gasterophilus spp. and Oxyuris equi are also discussed.

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“…This issue of the Equine Veterinary Journal hosts two articles that focus on the diagnosis of 2 important equine pathogens; Parascaris spp. and Strongylus vulgaris . For both parasites, an obvious question to ask is: “What is the treatment of choice when a given parasitic infection is detected?” While there is some scientific information available to help answer this question, there is a real paucity of underpinning evidence, and often treatment decisions are based on the practitioner's experience.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The appropriate antiparasitic treatment: Coping with emerging threats from old adversaries

Nielsen

Samson‐Himmelstjerna

Reinemeyer

et al. 2016

Equine Veterinary Journal

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An ultrasonographic scoring method for transabdominal monitoring of ascarid burdens in foals

Abstract: The ultrasonographic screening techniques can be a useful tool for monitoring ascarid burdens in foals.

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Evidence‐based considerations for control of Parascaris spp. infections in horses

Evidence‐based considerations for control of Parascaris spp. infections in horses

Control of helminth parasites in juvenile horses

The appropriate antiparasitic treatment: Coping with emerging threats from old adversaries

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