An Unbiased Analysis of Candidate Mechanisms for the Regulation of Drosophila Wing Disc Growth

Vollmer, Jannik; Iber, Dagmar

doi:10.1038/srep39228

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Therefore, we refer to these equations as the “optimal scaling.” The optimal scaling relationship represents a guiding principle for three size determinants: critical size, TGP, and growth rate. A simpler expression of this relationship is derived under the assumption that growth is exponential during TGP, which is often used in other studies (Nijhout et al., 2006, Shingleton et al., 2008, Vollmer et al., 2016):[TGP]∝[Growth rate]−1where [TGP] is the duration of TGP and [Growth rate] is the exponential growth rate during the TGP. The detailed derivation of Equation 2 is described in Transparent Methods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Scaling of Critical Size for Metamorphosis in the Genus Drosophila

2019

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SummaryJuveniles must reach a critical body size to become a mature adult. Molecular determinants of critical size have been studied, but the evolutionary importance of critical size is still unclear. Here, using nine fly species, we show that interspecific variation in organism size can be explained solely by species-specific critical size. The observed variation in critical size quantitatively agrees with the interspecific scaling relationship predicted by the life history model, which hypothesizes that critical size mediates an energy allocation switch between juvenile and adult tissues. The mechanism underlying critical size scaling is explained by an inverse relationship between growth duration and growth rate, which cancels out their contributions to the final size. Finally, we show that evolutionary changes in growth duration can be traced back to the scaling of ecdysteroid hormone dynamics. We conclude that critical size adaptively optimizes energy allocation, and has a central role in organism size determination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Scaling of Critical Size for Metamorphosis in the Genus Drosophila

2019

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“…4c). We used the measured declining growth rate [16,17] to reproduce the measured wildtype wing disc growth kinetics [18] (ED Fig. 2a,b), and we set the cell division threshold ( Fig.…”

Section: Lbibcell Simulations Of Epithelial Tissue Dynamics Predict Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimisation of surface energy drives apical epithelial organisation and gives rise to Lewis’ law

Kokic

Iannini

Villa-Fombuena

et al. 2019

Preprint

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100

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The packing of cells in epithelia exhibits striking regularities, regardless of the organism and organ. One of these regularities is expressed in Lewis' law, which states that the average apical cell area is linearly related to the number of neighbours, such that cells with larger apical area have on average more neighbours. The driving forces behind the almost 100-year old Lewis' law have remained elusive. We now provide evidence that the observed apical epithelial packing minimizes surface energy at the intercellular apical adhesion belt. Lewis' law emerges because the apical cell surfaces then assume the most regular polygonal shapes within a contiguous lattice, thus minimising the average perimeter per cell, and thereby surface energy. We predict that the linear Lewis' law generalizes to a quadratic law if the variability in apical areas is increased beyond what is normally found in epithelia. We confirm this prediction experimentally by generating heterogeneity in cell growth in Drosophila epithelia. Our discovery provides a link between epithelial organisation, cell division and growth and has implications for the general understanding of epithelial dynamics.

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“…The Drosophila wing imaginal disc is an experimentally amenable system for investigating systems-level regulation of cell signaling (Fig 1A) [18][19][20]. Overall, Drosophila wing imaginal discs are a premier system to gain insights into several organ-intrinsic and organ-extrinsic mechanisms that control organ growth [21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From spikes to intercellular waves: Tuning intercellular calcium signaling dynamics modulates organ size control

Soundarrajan

Huizar²,

Paravitorghabeh³

et al. 2021

PLoS Comput Biol

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Information flow within and between cells depends significantly on calcium (Ca2+) signaling dynamics. However, the biophysical mechanisms that govern emergent patterns of Ca2+ signaling dynamics at the organ level remain elusive. Recent experimental studies in developing Drosophila wing imaginal discs demonstrate the emergence of four distinct patterns of Ca2+ activity: Ca2+ spikes, intercellular Ca2+ transients, tissue-level Ca2+ waves, and a global “fluttering” state. Here, we used a combination of computational modeling and experimental approaches to identify two different populations of cells within tissues that are connected by gap junction proteins. We term these two subpopulations “initiator cells,” defined by elevated levels of Phospholipase C (PLC) activity, and “standby cells,” which exhibit baseline activity. We found that the type and strength of hormonal stimulation and extent of gap junctional communication jointly determine the predominate class of Ca2+ signaling activity. Further, single-cell Ca2+ spikes are stimulated by insulin, while intercellular Ca2+ waves depend on Gαq activity. Our computational model successfully reproduces how the dynamics of Ca2+ transients varies during organ growth. Phenotypic analysis of perturbations to Gαq and insulin signaling support an integrated model of cytoplasmic Ca2+ as a dynamic reporter of overall tissue growth. Further, we show that perturbations to Ca2+ signaling tune the final size of organs. This work provides a platform to further study how organ size regulation emerges from the crosstalk between biochemical growth signals and heterogeneous cell signaling states.

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An Unbiased Analysis of Candidate Mechanisms for the Regulation of Drosophila Wing Disc Growth

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Optimal Scaling of Critical Size for Metamorphosis in the Genus Drosophila

Optimal Scaling of Critical Size for Metamorphosis in the Genus Drosophila

Minimisation of surface energy drives apical epithelial organisation and gives rise to Lewis’ law

From spikes to intercellular waves: Tuning intercellular calcium signaling dynamics modulates organ size control

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