An unsymmetrical two-electron viologens anolyte for salt cavern redox flow battery

Wang, Hui; Li, Dan; Xu, Junhui; Wu, Yi; Yaoxing, Cui; Chen, Liuping

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229659

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…And a flow battery with an unsymmetrical viologen, reported a capacity fade of 0.022 % per cycle (4.4 % over 200 cycles) in 2 M NaCl at 30 mA cm À 2 . [36] However, cell cycle duration and calendar capacity fade rate were not reported for the above cases. The battery in this work sustained higher cycle numbers than the ones in Ref.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…[33], Ref. [36], perhaps by not accessing the unstable second reduction, noting that current density is lower than Ref. [19] (i. e., 40 vs. 60 mA cm À 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A system with a π‐conjugated viologen [(NPr) 2 TTz]Cl 4 [33] showed a similar capacity fade rate of 0.03 % per cycle (≈10 % over 300 cycles) at 40 mA cm −2 , accessing the second reduction too. And a flow battery with an unsymmetrical viologen, reported a capacity fade of 0.022 % per cycle (4.4 % over 200 cycles) in 2 M NaCl at 30 mA cm −2 [36] . However, cell cycle duration and calendar capacity fade rate were not reported for the above cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A Hydroxylated Tetracationic Viologen based on Dimethylaminoethanol as a Negolyte for Aqueous Flow Batteries

Caianiello

Arenas

Turek

et al. 2022

Batteries & Supercaps

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A tetracationic viologen based on dimethylaminoethanol is reported as a novel negolyte for aqueous-organic flow batteries. The compound (1,1'-bis(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonio)propyl)-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium tetrachloride), termed [(DMAE-Pr) 2 -Vi]Cl 4 , was prepared by replacing the trimethylammonium groups of a former analogue for dimethylaminoethanol derivatives as permanently charged moieties, improving its solubility and modifying its electronic structure, as revealed by DFT calculations. Its electrochemical properties and diffusion coefficient were investigated by voltammetry and DOSY. The battery concept was demonstrated by pairing [(DMAE-Pr) 2 -Vi]Cl 4 with a TEMPOL posolyte using a low-cost anion exchange membrane and a neutral-pH supporting electrolyte. [(DMAE-Pr) 2 -Vi]Cl 4 has great potential for enhancing energy density in viologen flow batteries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…[33], Ref. [36], perhaps by not accessing the unstable second reduction, noting that current density is lower than Ref. [19] (i. e., 40 vs. 60 mA cm À 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A Hydroxylated Tetracationic Viologen based on Dimethylaminoethanol as a Negolyte for Aqueous Flow Batteries

Caianiello

Arenas

Turek

et al. 2022

Batteries & Supercaps

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show abstract

“…Solubility is the ability to dissolve active materials, in particular, electrolytes at the highest concentrations, which are proportional to the theoretical capacities and hence the energy densities. Figure 2a summarizes the solubilities of different active materials in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes [10••,11••, [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. Regardless of electrolytes, active species with larger molecular mass tend to have lower solubilities.…”

Section: Solubilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future perspective on redox flow batteries: aqueous versus nonaqueous electrolytes

Tang

Leung²,

Xu³

et al. 2022

Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering

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“…The instability and dimerization of fully reduced viologen limits the second electron transfer process [12] . Delicate synthetic procedures are required to stabilize viologen reactions [6d,12,13] . Therefore, it is necessary to explore new candidates for the 2 e − transfer of organic molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonium‐Functionalized Naphthalene Diimides as Two‐Electron‐Transfer Negolyte for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Singh

Ahn

Byon

2022

Batteries & Supercaps

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Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have been developed as safe and economical energy storage systems for renewable energy applications. Herein, the solubility of two‐electron‐transfer organic molecules, naphthalene diimides (NDIs), was improved by adding two propyl‐spaced ammonium functionalities. Under neutral conditions, the di‐ammonium‐functionalized NDIs exhibited a solubility of ∼0.7 M (1.4 M/e−) in water. Using 0.3 M NDIs as negolyte (negative electrolyte) and iodide/triiodide as posolyte (positive electrolyte), AORFBs achieved 300 galvanostatic cycles with approximately 100 % capacity retention. The post‐mortem analyses revealed negligible chemical decomposition with no crossover while using a Nafion membrane. This study presents a promising NDI negolyte that can achieve stable two‐electron transfer in AORFBs.

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An unsymmetrical two-electron viologens anolyte for salt cavern redox flow battery

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

A Hydroxylated Tetracationic Viologen based on Dimethylaminoethanol as a Negolyte for Aqueous Flow Batteries

A Hydroxylated Tetracationic Viologen based on Dimethylaminoethanol as a Negolyte for Aqueous Flow Batteries

Future perspective on redox flow batteries: aqueous versus nonaqueous electrolytes

Ammonium‐Functionalized Naphthalene Diimides as Two‐Electron‐Transfer Negolyte for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

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