Although Zn metal has been regarded as the most promising anode for aqueous batteries, it persistently suffers from serious side reactions and dendrite growth in mild electrolyte. Spontaneous Zn corrosion and hydrogen evolution damage the shelf life and calendar life of Zn‐based batteries, severely affecting their industrial applications. Herein, a robust and homogeneous ZnS interphase is built in situ on the Zn surface by a vapor–solid strategy to enhance Zn reversibility. The thickness of the ZnS film is controlled via the treatment temperature, and the performance of the protected Zn electrode is optimized. The dense ZnS artificial layer obtained at 350 °C not only suppresses Zn corrosion by forming a physical barrier on the Zn surface, but also inhibits dendrite growth via guiding the Zn plating/stripping underneath the artificial layer. Accordingly, a side reaction‐free and dendrite‐free Zn electrode is developed, the effectiveness of which is also convincing in a MnO2/ZnS@Zn full‐cell with 87.6% capacity retention after 2500 cycles.
Owing to the high capacity of metallic Zn anode and intrinsically safe aqueous electrolyte, aqueous Zn–based batteries have advanced energy storage technology alternatives beyond the lithium–ion batteries by providing cost...
The cycle life of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) is limited by the notable challenges of cathode dissolution, water reactivity, and zinc dendrites. Here, it is demonstrated that by tuning the electrolyte solvation structure, the issues for both the electrodes and the electrolyte can be addressed simultaneously. Specifically, a fire-retardant triethyl phosphate (TEP) is demonstrated as a cosolvent with strong solvating ability in a nonaqueous/aqueous hybrid electrolyte. The TEP features a higher donor number (26 kcal mol −1 ) than H 2 O (18 kcal mol −1 ), preferring to form a TEP occupied inner solvation sheath around Zn 2+ and strong hydrogen bonding with H 2 O. The TEP coordinated electrolyte structure can inhibit the reactivity of H 2 O with V 2 O 5 and leads to a robust polymeric-inorganic interphase (poly-ZnP 2 O 6 and ZnF 2 ) on zinc anode effectively preventing the dendrite growth and parasitic water reaction. With such an optimized electrolyte, the Zn/Cu cells perform high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.5%, and the full cell with a low capacity ratio of Zn:V 2 O 5 (2:1) and lean electrolyte (11.5 g Ah −1 ) delivers a reversible capacity of 250 mAh g −1 for over 1000 cycles at 5 A g −1 . This study highlights the promise of a successful electrolyte regulation strategy for the development of highperformance and practical ZIBs.
This guideline focuses on recommendations for management of patients with GIM detected as part of routine upper endoscopy for reasons including workup of endoscopically identified gastropathy/presumed gastritis, dyspepsia, or exclusion of H pylori. Screening for gastric cancer (either population-wide or in select populations) and management of patients with dysplasia of the gastric mucosa, gastric adenocarcinoma, and/or autoimmune gastritis are beyond the scope of the current guideline. This guideline is intended to aid decision-making for patients who are undergoing upper endoscopy in North America. GIM is See editorial on page 473.
Aqueous Zn batteries are promising energy-storage devices.H owever,t heir lifespan is limited by irreversible Zn anodes owingtowater decomposition and Zn dendrite growth. Here,w es eparate aqueous electrolyte from Zn anode by coating at hin MOF layer on anode and filling the pores of MOF with hydrophobic Zn(TFSI) 2-tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphate (TFEP) organic electrolyte that is immiscible with aqueous Zn(TFSI) 2-H 2 Obulk electrolyte.The MOF encapsulated Zn(TFSI) 2-TFEP forms aZnF 2-Zn 3 (PO 4) 2 solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) preventing Zn dendrite and water decomposition. The Zn(TFSI) 2-TFEP@MOF electrolyte protected Zn anode enables aZ n jjTi cell to achieveahigh average Coulombic efficiency of 99.1 %f or 350 cycles.T he highly reversible Zn anode brings ah igh energy density of 210 Wh kg À1 (of cathode and anode mass) and al ow capacity decayr ate of 0.0047 %p er cycle over 600 cycles in aZ njj MnO 2 full cell with al ow capacity ratio of Zn:MnO 2 at 2:1.
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