An Untargeted Metabolomics Approach to Investigate the Metabolic Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation in Fencers—A Preliminary Study

Abstract

This study aimed at assessment of the long-term (4 weeks) metabolic effect of a diet with and without beetroot juice supplementation in fencers using the untargeted metabolomics method with the UPLC Q-TOF/MS system to carry out an analysis of urine samples. Ten women and 10 men underwent the cardiovascular fitness VO2max test at baseline—(B) and after two stages of implementation of the dietary recommendations—the first 4 weeks without beetroot juice (D) and the second with 26 g/d of freeze-dried beetroot juice supplementation (D&J). The urine samples were collected one hour after the VO2max test at B and after D and D&J. The meal before the VO2max test after D&J contained beetroot juice, whereas to the meal at B and after D maltodextrin was added. Changes in metabolites and VO2max were significant only for comparison of D versus D&J. During D and D&J, there were no significant changes in the physical activity level, body mass, and body composition. We observed significant changes in tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism, mainly associated with such neurotransmitter’s metabolism as: Serotonin, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Changes in signal intensity of bile acid, AICAR, and 4-Hydroxynonenal (peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids product) were also observed. The obtained results indicate that long-term beetroot juice supplementation induces considerable changes in metabolism.

Chromatography hyphenated to high resolution mass spectrometry in untargeted metabolomics for investigation of food (bio)markers

“…as HSS T3 from Waters) are becoming more popular, as they are able to support highly aqueous mobile phases (even 100 % water) expanding their applicability to more polar compounds compared to the traditional C18. Kozlowska et al detected with this stationary phase some nitrogenous bases as tryptophan metabolites, organic acid and phase II metabolites in urine, usually difficult retain in conventional C18 [61].…”

Possible Effects of Beetroot Supplementation on Physical Performance Through Metabolic, Neuroendocrine, and Antioxidant Mechanisms: A Narrative Review of the Literature

“…Serotonin has metabolic and developmental effects on the skeletal and cardiac muscles; it regulates energy balance and glucose uptake by the skeletal muscle and prevents insulin resistance ( 129 ). In a study conducted by Kozlowska et al significant changes in the signal intensity induced by the tyrosine and tryptophan metabolites were observed, especially from the noradrenaline, adrenaline pathways, and serotonin metabolism as well as lipid peroxidation ( 44 ).…”

Changes in Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Muscle Damage Markers Following Diet and Beetroot Juice Supplementation in Elite Fencers

“…In the first stage, which lasted four weeks, the dietary recommendations were implemented (stage ID), after which, in the second stage, also lasting four weeks, the same dietary recommendations were implemented; additionally, the participants received freeze-dried beetroot juice in the amount of 26 g per day, which corresponded to one glass of juice (200 ml) (stage ID&BEET). The preparation of the freeze-dried beetroot juice is described in our previous article [48]. The nutritional value of beetroot juice is in the Supplementary Materials (Table S1).…”