An Update on the Biologic Effects of Fenbendazole

Abstract

Fenbendazole remains the drug of choice to treat pinworm infection in laboratory rodents. When fenbendazole was last reviewed (15 y ago), the literature supported the drug’s lack of toxic effects at therapeutic levels, yet various demonstrated physiologic effects have the potential to alter research outcomes. Although more recent reports continue to reflect an overall discordancy of results, several studies support the premise that fenbendazole affects the bone marrow and the immune system. No effects on reproduction were reported in an extensive study that assessed common treatment protocols in mice, and food intake was unchanged in rats. Behavioral studies are sparse, with only a single report of a subtle change in a rotarod performance in mice. Notably, unexpected results in tumor models during facility treatment with fenbendazole have prompted preclinical and clinical studies of the potential roles of benzimidazoles in cancer.

Antimicrobial Peptides Relieve Transportation Stress in Ragdoll Cats by Regulating the Gut Microbiota

“…According to the increase or decrease in concentration, APP can be divided into positive acute proteins and negative acute proteins. Positive acute proteins mainly include SAA and C-reactive proteins, and negative acute proteins mainly include Apo-A1 and albumin [ 10 , 28 ]. Increasing serum SAA and decreasing Apo-A1 levels were observed in this study.…”

Longitudinal multi-omic changes in the transcriptome and proteome of peripheral blood cells after a 4 Gy total body radiation dose to Rhesus macaques

“…Acute phase response to radiation was revealed as the top pathway activated at all times in the 28-day time course (positive z-scores). A more detailed view of members of this pathway revealed IL1B, IL6, TNF and STAT3 as central players in regulating this signaling response that is well conserved across mammalian species [ 53 ]. The acute phase response pathway is a typical response to inflammatory stress and has many similarities of symptoms with acute radiation sickness, such as fever, leukopenia, and malaise [ 53 – 55 ].…”

“…A more detailed view of members of this pathway revealed IL1B, IL6, TNF and STAT3 as central players in regulating this signaling response that is well conserved across mammalian species [ 53 ]. The acute phase response pathway is a typical response to inflammatory stress and has many similarities of symptoms with acute radiation sickness, such as fever, leukopenia, and malaise [ 53 – 55 ]. In particular, C reactive protein (CRP) levels are found to be increased at day 28 in the blood, Serum amyloid A (SAA4) up + 5-fold at day 6, Haptoglobin (HP) up + 3.6-fold at day 28, FGA at -11.6-fold down regulated at day 6, but Fibrinogen A and B (FGA and FGB) up + 1.7 and + 1.6-fold at day 28.…”

Tissue-specific assessment of oxidative status: Wild boar as a case study

“…Assessing the physiological response of animals to these environmental disruptions is an essential component of management, monitoring, and conservation programs in wildlife populations [e.g., ( 2 )]. Biomarkers like stress hormones (glucocorticoids) ( 3 ) and immune response indicators ( 4 ) have regularly been used for this objective, achieving results with different degrees of robustness [see this review Kalliokoski et al ( 5 )]. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in incorporating oxidative stress biomarkers (BOS) to assess the physiological response of wildlife to environmental disturbances due to their stability and easy quantification ( 6 , 7 ).…”