2018
DOI: 10.3390/jof4040121
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An Update on the Roles of Non-albicans Candida Species in Vulvovaginitis

Abstract: Candida species are one of the commonest causes of vaginitis in healthy women of reproductive age. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is characterized by vulvovaginal itching, redness and discharge. Candida albicans, which is a common genito-urinary tract commensal, has been the prominent species and remains the most common fungal agent isolated from clinical samples of patients diagnosed with VVC. In recent times, however, there has been a notable shift in the etiology of candidiasis with non-albicans Candida (NA… Show more

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Cited by 125 publications
(111 citation statements)
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“…The crude mortality rate associated with invasive C. glabrata infections varies from 33-46% [12][13][14]. C. glabrata also causes mucosal infections including oral and vaginal thrush [15][16][17]. C. glabrata is a haploid budding yeast, and its known virulence traits include two multigene families coding for cell wall adhesins and cell surface-associated aspartyl proteases, adherence to host tissues, biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic surfaces, intracellular replication and elevated resistance to oxidative, thermal and acid stress [18].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The crude mortality rate associated with invasive C. glabrata infections varies from 33-46% [12][13][14]. C. glabrata also causes mucosal infections including oral and vaginal thrush [15][16][17]. C. glabrata is a haploid budding yeast, and its known virulence traits include two multigene families coding for cell wall adhesins and cell surface-associated aspartyl proteases, adherence to host tissues, biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic surfaces, intracellular replication and elevated resistance to oxidative, thermal and acid stress [18].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…RVVC is less common than acute form, affecting up to 9% of women of reproductive age but can greatly affect the quality of life of women, causing symptoms such as itching and soreness of the vulva, dyspareunia, dysuria and the classic “cottage cheese‐like” discharge . It is most commonly caused by Candida albicans , but other non‐ albicans species such as C. glabrata , C. krusei , C. tropicals and C. parapsilosis , although less frequent, are more commonly associated with recurrence . An increased rate of vaginal colonisation represents a phase of susceptibility to RVVC and causes may be genetic, biologic, or behavioural: diabetes, atopy, antibiotic or corticosteroids use, vaginal douching, orogenital sex etc.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5 It is most commonly caused by Candida albicans, but other non-albicans species such as C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicals and C. parapsilosis, although less frequent, are more commonly associated with recurrence. 6,7 An increased rate of vaginal colonisation represents a phase of susceptibility to RVVC and causes may be genetic, biologic, or behavioural: diabetes, atopy, antibiotic or corticosteroids use, vaginal douching, orogenital sex etc. Not only, but also some primary or idiopathic RVVC defines women in whom secondary precipitating events or triggering factors are not apparent and hence genetic factors are likely to play a dominant or exclusive mechanism.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…En los EE.UU., Europa y Australia, C. albicans es la especie identificada con más frecuencia (76-89%), seguida por C. glabrata (7-16%), mientras que en algunos países de África y Asia el porcentaje de Candida no C. albicans (CNCA) es más elevado. Las infecciones son clínicamente indistinguibles, pero las CNCA causan infecciones recurrentes con más frecuencia, quizá como consecuencia de un fracaso terapéutico en especies menos sensibles [2, 6], Aunque C. albicans sigue siendo el principal agente etiológico (75-90%), en los últimos años parece haber aumentado la frecuencia de CNCA (principalmente C. glabrata, C. parasilopsis, C. tropicalis y C. krusei) [7].…”
Section: Resultsunclassified