An update on xylan structure, biosynthesis, and potential commercial applications

Curry, Thomas M.; Peña, María J.; Urbanowicz, Breeanna R.

doi:10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100101

Cited by 41 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Many of these are irregular xylem ( irx ) mutants, which are characterized by formation of irregularly shaped xylem vessels. While these mutations impact different steps of the xylan biosynthesis pathway, many phenotypes include defective coalescence and orientation of cellulose microfibrils that lead to compromised mechanical integrity of the cell walls, and in some cases to considerable dwarfism of the entire plant 22,25 . Evidence for the effects of xylan abundance and binding availability during cellulose synthesis on the bundling of cellulose 3,23 can also be found in our in-vitro generated composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylan inhibition of cellulase binding and processivity observed at single-molecule resolution

Zexer,

Paradiso,

Nong

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Efficient cellulose degradation by cellulase enzymes is crucial for using lignocellulosic biomass in bioenergy production. In the cell wall of plants, cellulose is bound by lignin and hemicellulose, which are key factors contributing to the recalcitrance of plant biomass. These non-cellulosic cell wall components are known to interfere with the function of cellulolytic enzymes. While the effects of lignin have been studied extensively, the contribution of xylan, the major hemicellulose in the secondary cell walls of plants, is often overlooked. To study those effects, we generated model cell wall composites by growing bacterial cellulose supplemented with varying concentrations of purified xylan. We used single-molecule microscopy to image and track fluorescently labeled TrCel7A, a commonly used model cellulase, as it binds and hydrolyses cellulose in these synthetic composites. We found that minute amounts of xylan are sufficient to significantly inhibit the binding of Cel7A to cellulose. The inclusion of xylan also reduced considerably the proportion of moving enzyme molecules, without affecting their velocity and run length. We suggest that, when available at low concentrations, xylan thinly coats cellulose fibrils, and incorporates as continuous patches when available at higher concentrations. Non-productive binding of Cel7A to xylan was not found to be a major inhibition mechanism. Our results highlight the importance of targeting xylan removal during biomass processing and demonstrate the potential of using single-molecule imagining to study the activity and limitations of cellulolytic enzymes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylan inhibition of cellulase binding and processivity observed at single-molecule resolution

Zexer,

Paradiso,

Nong

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The primary structures of different types of hemicellulose are shown in Figure 2 [ 15 , 25 , 26 ]. Xylan [ 27 , 28 ] is a chain molecule linked by xylose with 1,4- β glycosidic bond. Most xylans have acetyl groups, most of which are located at C-3 of xylose and a few at C-4 of xylose.…”

Section: Hemicellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress in Hemicellulose-Based Nanocomposite Film as Food Packaging

2023

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As the main component of agricultural and forestry biomass, hemicellulose has the advantages of having an abundant source, biodegradability, nontoxicity and good biocompatibility. Its application in food packaging has thus become the focus of efficient utilization of biomass resources. However, due to its special molecular structure and physical and chemical characteristics, the mechanical properties and barrier properties of hemicellulose films are not sufficient, and modification for performance enhancement is still a challenge. In the field of food packaging materials preparation, modification of hemicellulose through blending with nanofibers or nanoparticles, both inorganic and organic, has attracted research attention because this approach offers the advantages of efficient improvement in the expected properties and better cost efficiency. In this paper, the composition of hemicellulose, the classification of nanofillers and the research status of hemicellulose-based nanocomposite films are reviewed. The research progress in modification of hemicellulose by using layered silicate, inorganic nanoparticles and organic nanoparticles in food packaging is described. Challenges and outlook of research in hemicellulose-based nanocomposite film in food packaging is discussed.

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“…This tetrasaccharide is not present in HXs from grasses. HXs display wide structural heterogeneity, depending on tissue, developmental stage, and plant species (reviewed in Curry et al., 2023), which makes our understanding of the relationship between their structure and function challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific protein interactions between rice members of the GT43 and GT47 families form various central cores of putative xylan synthase complexes

Javaid,

Bhattarai,

Venkataraghavan

et al. 2024

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYMembers of the glycosyltransferase (GT)43 and GT47 families have been associated with heteroxylan synthesis in both dicots and monocots and are thought to assemble into central cores of putative xylan synthase complexes (XSCs). Currently, it is unknown whether protein–protein interactions within these central cores are specific, how many such complexes exist, and whether these complexes are functionally redundant. Here, we used gene association network and co‐expression approaches in rice to identify four OsGT43s and four OsGT47s that assemble into different GT43/GT47 complexes. Using two independent methods, we showed that (i) these GTs assemble into at least six unique complexes through specific protein–protein interactions and (ii) the proteins interact directly in vitro. Confocal microscopy showed that, when alone, all OsGT43s were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), while all OsGT47s were localized in the Golgi. co‐expression of OsGT43s and OsGT47s displayed complexes that form in the ER but accumulate in Golgi. ER‐to‐Golgi trafficking appears to require interactions between OsGT43s and OsGT47s. Comparison of the central cores of the three putative rice OsXSCs to wheat, asparagus, and Arabidopsis XSCs, showed great variation in GT43/GT47 combinations, which makes the identification of orthologous central cores between grasses and dicots challenging. However, the emerging picture is that all central cores from these species seem to have at least one member of the IRX10/IRX10‐L clade in the GT47 family in common, suggesting greater functional importance for this family in xylan synthesis. Our findings provide a new framework for future investigation of heteroxylan biosynthesis and function in monocots.

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An update on xylan structure, biosynthesis, and potential commercial applications

Cited by 41 publications

References 33 publications

Xylan inhibition of cellulase binding and processivity observed at single-molecule resolution

Xylan inhibition of cellulase binding and processivity observed at single-molecule resolution

Research Progress in Hemicellulose-Based Nanocomposite Film as Food Packaging

Specific protein interactions between rice members of the GT43 and GT47 families form various central cores of putative xylan synthase complexes

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