An Updated Review on Prebiotics: Insights on Potentials of Food Seeds Waste as Source of Potential Prebiotics

Abstract

Prebiotics are a group of biological nutrients that are capable of being degraded by microflora in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), primarily Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. When prebiotics are ingested, either as a food additive or as a supplement, the colonic microflora degrade them, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are simultaneously released in the colon and absorbed into the blood circulatory system. The two major groups of prebiotics that have been extensively studied in relation to human health are fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS). The candidature of a compound to be regarded as a prebiotic is a function of how much of dietary fiber it contains. The seeds of fruits such as date palms have been reported to contain dietary fiber. An increasing awareness of the consumption of fruits and seeds as part of the daily diet, as well as poor storage systems for seeds, have generated an enormous amount of seed waste, which is traditionally discarded in landfills or incinerated. This cultural practice is hazardous to the environment because seed waste is rich in organic compounds that can produce hazardous gases. Therefore, this review discusses the potential use of seed wastes in prebiotic production, consequently reducing the environmental hazards posed by these wastes.

Comparative study of the attributive effects of fresh and canned Naftussya water

“…Figs. 1-4 visualizes how a weekly intake of fresh Naftussya water causes an increase in the significantly reduced content in the microbiota of feces/gut of classical probiotics [2,8,20] to the lower normal zone. The beneficial effect is less noticeable in relation to the total content of Escherichia coli.…”

Comparative study of the effects of fresh and canned Naftussya bioactive water on neuro-endocrine-immune complex and metabolism in chronic pyelonephritis patients

“…Figs. 1-4 visualizes how a weekly intake of fresh Naftussya water causes an increase in the significantly reduced content in the microbiota of feces/gut of classical probiotics [3,9,23] to the lower normal zone. This is accompanied by a significant increase (but without normalization) of the reduced bactericidal activity of neutrophils/microphages against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; at the same time, the bactericidal capacity of blood neutrophils is completely restored, due to an increase in their content.…”

Optimizing raffinose family oligosaccharides content in plants: A tightrope walk

“…Studies on 21-day-old broilers showed increased growth, cecal microbiota and gut health with enhanced immune responses after in-ovo inoculation of B. subtilis , raffinose, and symbiotic ( Shehata et al., 2022 ). The beneficial influence of raffinose on gut microbiota is reviewed elsewhere ( Anggraeni, 2022 ; Bamigbade et al., 2022 ). However, as mentioned in section 5, most of these studies used raffinose as a substrate, while dicots (especially legumes) generally possess higher RFOs (stachyose, verbascose), which needs consideration.…”