An X- and Ku-Band 8-Element Phased-Array Receiver in 0.18-$\mu{\hbox{m}}$ SiGe BiCMOS Technology

A 60 GHz Phase Shifter Integrated With LNA and PA in 65 nm CMOS for Phased Array Systems

“…It achieves a simulated insertion gain of 4 dB (from or to ) at 60 GHz and consumes 19.5 mW. This implementation of power combiner has a higher gain than the use of a passive power combiner (such as a Wilkinson power combiner [26]). It is worth pointing out that by connecting more amplifiers in parallel, this combining method can be scaled to more paths.…”

“…The phase shift achieved due to the gain and phase errors in the weighted I/Q signals is given by (7) As compared to the ideal phase shift in (2), the phase error of the phase shifter due to the gain and phase errors in the weighted I/Q signals can be written as (8) The RMS phase errors (in radians) of the phase shifter [26], as compared to an ideal phase shifter, can be expressed as (9) The gain of the phase shifter with the gain and phase errors in the weighted I/Q signals is given by (10) As compared to an ideal phase shifter, the RMS gain errors (in dBs) [26] of the phase shifter can be expressed as (11) From (9) and (11), for example, in order to design a 4-bit phase shifter with RMS gain and phase errors of less than 1.7 dB and 11.25 , respectively, we have and . In other words, in comparison to an ideal phase shifter with perfect I/Q signal generation and weighting, the gain and phase errors in the weighted I/Q signals before signal combination are less than 2.8 dB and 16 , respectively.…”

“…By comparing the S-parameters of the two paths for the same phase settings, the insertion gain and phase mismatches of the two paths are quantified as RMS gain mismatch and RMS phase mismatch [26]. The measured RMS gain and phase mismatch of the two paths are 0.4 dB and 2.1 , respectively, at 61 GHz.…”

A 5-20 GHz 5-Bit True Time Delay Circuit in 0.18 ㎛ CMOS Technology

“…The CMOS based phased array antennas are successfully demonstrated for the narrowband applications, which employ the phase shifter or the multiple phase of the local oscillator for the beam steering [1,2]. However, the constant phase characteristic over the frequency in the phase shifter results in the different steered antenna beam position versus the frequency, which is known as beam squint [3].…”

X/Ku-Band SiGe BiCMOS Phased Array Chips with Simultaneous 2- and 4-Beam Capabilities

“…Phased arrays based on silicon RFICs emerged as a practical solution for phased array back-ends due to their high integration density, yield, and functionality on a single chip [1][2][3]. Several silicon-based phased arrays with 4, 8 and even 16-elements have been demonstrated at X, Ku and even Q-band frequencies and with excellent uniformity [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”