An X-ray Compton scatter method for density measurement at a point within an object

Confocal three-dimensional micro X-ray scatter imaging for non-destructive detecting foreign bodies with low density and low-Z materials in food products

“…T 3 is the detection efficiency of the detector. The Compton scattering cross-section is directly proportional to the electron density r e (Achmad & Hussein, 2004), which is given by: Fig. 1.…”

“…Additionally, it is of considerable financial concern to the manufacturer due to the cost of products recall and wastage. The loss of consumer confidence is another less quantifiable but potentially more serious concern, and it is distinctly demonstrated in numerous cases, such as: in 2013 Europe was involved in the scandals of the presence of undeclared horse meat in foods containing raw beef meat (AAVV, 2013;Brown, 2013); in 2008 Chinese melamine scandal of contaminated infant milk formula (Qiao, Guo, & Klein, 2012;Xiu & Klein, 2010). On-line radiography has been used for many years in quality control monitoring of food products (Angela, Yat, Yap, Lim, & Chan, 2011;Garcia-Gil et al, 2014;Jastrzebska, Brudka, Szymanski, & Szlyk, 2003;Otaka, Hokura, & Nakai, 2014;Santos-Garc es et al, 2014).…”

“…If one can select a channel in this spectrum in which the scattered radiation is of great intensity and free of superimposed fluorescent lines, then the scattered radiation in this channel can be applied to trace the changes in the density of the sample. Hence, it can be used to discriminate different low density with light elements samples (Achmad & Hussein, 2004;Castro, Barroso, Oliveira, & Lopes, 2005;Patterson, Obrey, Hamilton, & Havrilla, 2012;Stock, Yuan, Brinson, & Almer, 2011).…”

The effect of filters and collimators on Compton scatter and Pb K-series peaks in XRF bone lead analysis

“…Compton scattering has found application in medicine where it is used to determine efficacy of a given treatment in destroying an isolated tumor [2]. Laser-Compton scattering has been used for the generation of short-pulse X-rays, an important method in medical and life sciences [3].…”

Development of a type of a one-dimensional position-sensitive scintillator–fiber detector for X-ray backscatter imaging

“…XBI just uses part of these X-rays which scatter backward to rebuild the scanned object's image. It is widely used in medicine, nondestructive examination, cargo scan, landmine and explosive detection and so on [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In this work, we developed a one-dimensional position-sensitive detector (1-D PSD) for XBI.…”