The effect of filters and collimators on Compton scatter and Pb K-series peaks in XRF bone lead analysis

Luo, Liqiang; Chettle, David R.; Nie, Huiling; McNeill, Fiona E.; Popović, Marija

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2007.04.243

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This approach depends in part on a knowledge of the spectral distribution of intensities from the X-ray tube, and Sitko 32 investigated the influence of this distribution derived from experimental measurements and theoretical algorithms on the calculated fluorescence intensity for the more common tube targets (Cr, Mo, Rh and W) using elements commonly determined in steel as examples. The spectral distribution of tube spectrum reaching the sample can be influenced by the use of filters and Luo et al 33 examined the use of aluminium, copper and indium filters and collimators of different diameters in the XRF analysis of bone for Pb. They found that spectral resolution of the Pb K-lines improved when the divergence of the tube beam was reduced by using longer collimators and/or smaller collimator diameters and that the Pb signal-to-noise ratio improved slightly when an indium filter was employed.…”

Section: Spectrum Analysis Matrix Correction and Calibration Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

West

Ellis²,

Kregsamer

et al. 2008

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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This annual review of X-ray fluorescence covers developments over the period 2007-2008 in instrumentation and detectors, matrix correction and spectrum analysis procedures, X-ray optics and micro-fluorescence, synchrotron XRF, TXRF, portable XRF and on-line applications as assessed from the published literature. The trend set in previous years continues with an increase in the number of papers published on applications for XRF, including sample preparation, geological, environmental, archaeological, forensic, biological, clinical, thin films, chemical state and speciation studies. Earlier literature has not been ignored in that some of Archimedes oldest writing, previously hidden from sight in a medieval prayer book has now been revealed thanks to the power of modern m-SRXRF. X-ray optics now benefit from the use of poly-capillaries systems, equipment portability has been extended to include the TXRF configuration and readers will find several papers on the use of both two and three dimensional imaging to support environmental, geological and biological studies. The writing team would welcome feedback from readers of this review and invite you to complete the Atomic Spectrometry Updates questionnaire on www.asureviews.org. 9 Applications 9.1 Sample preparation 9.2 Geological and industrial minerals 9.3 Environmental 9.3.1 Aerosols and particulates 9.3.2 Consequences of industrial activity 9.3.3 Other environmental studies 9.4 Archaeological, cultural heritage and forensic 9.5 Industrial 9.6 Clinical and biological 9.7 Thin films and coatings 9.8 Chemical state and speciation 10 Abbrevations 11 References

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Section: Spectrum Analysis Matrix Correction and Calibration Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

West

Ellis²,

Kregsamer

et al. 2008

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…Increasing the L/D ratio of the collimator resulted in an increase in the uncertainties. This phenomenon was due to the decrease in the peak intensities with an increase in the L/D ratio of the collimator [18] . The fractional dead time decreased with an increase in the L/D ratio of the collimator, indicating the effect of a reduced intensity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the LEGe detector collimators on K-series peaks and Compton scattering in XRF analysis using gamma rays

Marashdeh

2018

Heliyon

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The effect of a low-energy germanium detector collimator with different diameters on the measurement of the X-ray fluorescence of palladium (Pd) was studied experimentally. Changes in the Pd K-series and Compton scattering peaks were measured and analysed with and without a detector collimator, where for the former, collimators with different diameters were used. The signal-to-noise ratio increased when a shielding collimator was used with a narrow detector collimator. The Compton dispersion and fraction dead time were reduced considerably using a detector collimator by increasing the distance from the source to the detector, and the collimator length-to-diameter ratio. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Pd Kα1 and Pd Kβ1 peaks decreased almost linearly with the collimator length-to-diameter ratio. The FWHM illustrated that the spectral resolution was improved when a collimator with a smaller diameter but unchanged length was used. The uncertainties at the Pd Kα1, Pd Kβ1, and Compton dispersion peaks were approximately correlated linearly with the collimator length-to-diameter ratio.

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“…Many works have been reported using this approach mainly focused on applications involving small phantoms or small size animals. [43][44][45][46][47][48] Although these approaches proposed the incorporation of high collimated X-ray beams along with collimation-proved detection systems to excite small regions improving spatial F I G U R E 1 Sketch of Orthovoltage X-Ray-Induced Radiation System (OXIRIS) process depicting the incident photon (1), nanoparticles (2), tumor antibody (3), neoplastic cell (4), photoelectron (5), characteristic X-ray (6), Auger electron (7), and normal cell (8) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] resolution, no significant improvements in the signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) between GNP XRF and Compton scattering background were achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EDXRF detection produced by GNP, and its subsequent tomographic reconstruction, based as X‐ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) 2,37–42 also represents a promising technique for bio‐medical applications. Many works have been reported using this approach mainly focused on applications involving small phantoms or small size animals 43–48 . Although these approaches proposed the incorporation of high collimated X‐ray beams along with collimation‐proved detection systems to excite small regions improving spatial resolution, no significant improvements in the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) between GNP XRF and Compton scattering background were achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OXIRIS project: Development of a new XRF device for the simultaneous detection and treatment of cancer

et al. 2021

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A novel and suitable energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescent (EDXRF) device, currently at the prototype stage, the Project OXIRIS (Orthovoltage X‐Ray–Induced Radiation System), is presented for the simultaneous detection and treatment of cancer diseases. Monte Carlo simulation and experimental results of EDXRF signals from a small deep artificial tumor consisting of a solution of gold nanoparticles bio‐targeted and immersed in a tissue‐bioequivalent matrix are presented and compared. Briefly, the device consists of a dynamic orthovoltage X‐ray fluence concentration coupled to confocal with an EDXRF system along with a sample holder for 3D scanning; all integrated and controlled by a dedicated software capable of controlling the whole operation functionalities: the X‐ray source, the rotating arm, the sample holder, and the detection system. The software also includes dedicated subroutines for X‐ray fluorescent spectra processing to correlate K‐lines signal at each acquisition position with the corresponding high atomic number elements' concentration to produce a 3D distribution according to the user‐defined grid. The confocal configuration ensures that the detected signal comes exclusively from the excited volume as defined by the bulk of the focal spot. Hence, the 3D image is achieved by scanning the sample holder through the movement of the sample‐carrier stretcher moved by step motors in the 3 coordinated axes. The feasibility of the proposed methodology and the design of the prototype have been successfully demonstrated experimentally, targeting gold nanoparticles in water‐equivalent phantoms.

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The effect of filters and collimators on Compton scatter and Pb K-series peaks in XRF bone lead analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Atomic spectrometry update. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Atomic spectrometry update. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Effect of the LEGe detector collimators on K-series peaks and Compton scattering in XRF analysis using gamma rays

OXIRIS project: Development of a new XRF device for the simultaneous detection and treatment of cancer

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