An X‐ray study of the decomposition product of the ethylamine‐cellulose complex

Abstract

The present paper reports the results of a study of the decomposition product of the ethylamine‐cellulose complex obtained from cotton cellulose. It is shown that the cotton remaining after removal of ethylamine by distillation possesses a crystalline component identical with the ammonia‐cellulose decomposition product designated by other workers as cellulose III. Certain important differences between ramie cellulose III and cotton cellulose III are discussed especially as regards the relative ease of recoversion to cellulose I. Experimental data are given showing the effect on degree of conversion of temperature, and of two different times of immersion in boiling water. Data are also given showing the effect on the structure of the decomposition product of time of immersion in ethylamine. An attempt is made to explain the appearance of a strong diatropic 020 interference in the x‐ray patterns of the decomposition product and of the regenerated cotton cellulose I.

Comparison of aqueous ammonia and dilute acid pretreatment of bamboo fractions: Structure properties and enzymatic hydrolysis

“…The dried samples were scanned in 2h range from 5°to 50°using the steps of 0.02°in width, and using Cu/Ka radiation (1.54 Å) generated at 35 kV and 35 mA. The CI of cellulose was calculated from the XRD spectra according to the method of Segal et al (1954):…”

The thermal expansion of cellulose II and IIIII crystals

“…Although the diffraction patterns of cellulose III generated from cellulose I or cellulose II were found to be similar, infra-red spectroscopy was used to distinguish two forms: cellulose III I and III II (Marrinan and Mann 1956). Cellulose III I can be transformed back into the parent material, cellulose I b , by treatment in hot water (Segal et al 1954;Sueoka et al 1973a;Roche and Chanzy 1981;Chanzy et al 1987) or by a simple heat treatment (Wada 2001). Cellulose III II can be transformed into cellulose II or cellulose IV II by treatment in hot water or in glycerol at 260°C, respectively (Sueoka et al 1973b).…”

Characterization of the conventional and organic cotton fibres

“…Degree of crystallinity (CrI) of the conventional and organic cotton fibres was calculated from diffraction intensity data using empirical method with the help of the formula CrI = (((I 002 À I Amorph )/I 002 ) Â 100) for native cellulose proposed by Segal, Creely, Martin, and Conrad (1959). Here, I 002 is the maximum intensity of the (002) lattice diffraction and I Amorph is the intensity diffraction at 18.2h° (Lewin & Roldan, 1971;Segal, Loeb, & Creely, 1954). The empirical method involved deconvolution of peaks at 18.0°(I Amorph ) and 22.5°(I 002 ) in WAXS spectra using Peckfit software with Gaussian deconvolution procedure selected as peak profile of X-ray diffraction line.…”