Anaemia and type 2 diabetes: implications from a retrospectively studied primary care case series

Chen, Catherine Xr; Yc, Li; Chan, Sze-Chun; Chan, KH

doi:10.12809/hkmj133814

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In Cameroon, the prevalence CKD is about 13.2 % in the adult population, with the rate being higher amongst rural dwellers, and risk factors profile being similar to those in Caucasian populations [ 24 ]. In accordance with previous studies [ 6 – 8 , 10 , 22 , 25 ] our findings illustrate the negative role of renal function decline in the development and progression of anemia in patients with diabetes. However, the absence of overt kidney disease was not protective against anemia, as 31.9 % of patients with normal eGFR had anemia; this proportion is high when compared with findings in other populations−13 % in China [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In accordance with previous studies [ 6 – 8 , 10 , 22 , 25 ] our findings illustrate the negative role of renal function decline in the development and progression of anemia in patients with diabetes. However, the absence of overt kidney disease was not protective against anemia, as 31.9 % of patients with normal eGFR had anemia; this proportion is high when compared with findings in other populations−13 % in China [ 25 ]. This observation emphasizes the role of other aforementioned contributors to anemia in diabetic patients in Cameroon.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Anemia in type 2 diabetic patients and correlation with kidney function in a tertiary care sub-Saharan African hospital: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAnemia is common in diabetic patients and increases morbidity and mortality, but its burden has been less well characterized in sub-Saharan Africans. We determined the prevalence of anemia and investigated the related factors, with a particular focus on the role of declining renal function, in type 2 diabetic patients attending a tertiary health care institution in Cameroon.MethodsHemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured in a consecutive sample of patients with type 2 diabetes, who reported for annual review at the outpatient section of the Douala General Hospital in 2013. Patients were classified as anemic according to the World Health Organisation criteria (Hb < 12 g/dl for females and Hb < 13 g/dl for males). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group formula. Determinants of Hb concentration and anemia were investigated using multivariable logistic regressions.ResultsA total of 636 patients were examined including 263 (prevalence rate 41.4 %) who had anemia. The prevalence of anemia increased significantly with deteriorating kidney function, although up to 31.9 % of patients with normal kidney function had anemia. Compared with their non-anemic counterparts, anemic diabetic patients were older, had longer duration of diabetes, lower eGFR, higher prevalence of proteinuria and diabetic retinopathy (all p < 0.05). In multivariable logistic regressions, eGFR (p = 0.001) and presence of retinopathy (p = 0.023) were the independent determinants of prevalent anemia.ConclusionsThe prevalence of anemia is high in type 2 diabetic patients attending referral institutions in Cameroon, including among those without chronic kidney disease. Routine screening for anemia in all diabetic patients may aid early identification and correction as appropriate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Anemia in type 2 diabetic patients and correlation with kidney function in a tertiary care sub-Saharan African hospital: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2016

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“…The study also showed that greater odds for the occurrence of anemia among T2DM patients with age > 60 years when compared with those of age ≤ 60 years. Consistent with the present finding, the increased odds ratio for developing anemia has also been found in the previous study conducted in California, 56 Australia, 12 China, 57 Israel, 72 Nigeria, 25 and Finote Selam hospital. 32 In addition, the mean age of anemic participants (62.0 ±10.2) is significantly greater than the mean age of nonanemic participants (51.6±61.4).…”

Section: %supporting

confidence: 93%

“…Normocytic normochromic blood picture was the most common morphological types of anemia found in this study. It is not surprising to see normocytic normochromic blood picture of anemia in this study, as various previous studies conducted in China, 57 Malaysia, 54,55 India, 58,59 and Iraq, 60 also revealed this situation. Since the participants of this study were DM patients, anemia of chronic disease is expected, which is normocytic normochromic in morphology.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

<p>Anemia and Its Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North-East Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Taderegew¹,

Gebremariam²,

Tareke³

et al. 2020

JBM

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Purpose: Anemia is one of the common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), which has an adverse effect on the progression and development of other diabetes-related complications. In spite of this, relatively little information is available on the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Thus, this study assessed the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among T2DM patients at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital (DBRH), NorthEast , Ethiopia. Patients and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to May 30, 2019, among 249 T2DM patients with follow up at DBRH, selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests; such as hemoglobin measurements, red blood indices, and serum creatinine analysis. The data were coded and entered into Epi-data manager version 4.4.1.0, and analysis by using SPSS version 22 was carried out. To identify the determinant factors of anemia, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The study showed 20.1% of the participants were anemic. Being age >60 years (AOR=3.06, 95% CI: 1.32-7.11), poor glycemic control (AOR=2.95, 95% CI: 1.22-7.15), eGFR 60-89.9 mL/min/1.73m 2 (AOR=2.91, 95% CI: 1.15-7.37), eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m 2 (AOR=6.58, 95% CI: 2.42-17.93), DM duration >10 years (AOR= AOR=2.75, 95% CI: 1.17-6.48), and having diabetic complications (AOR=3.81, 95% CI: 1.65-8.81) were significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion: One out of five T2DM patients had anemia. Poor glycemic control, decreased eGFR, presence of DM complications, duration of DM >10 years, and age >60 years were significantly associated with the occurrence of anemia among T2DM. Regular screening for anemia in all T2DM patients may help in the early detection and management of anemia.

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“…Studies of anaemic diabetic patients have found that they have a higher rate of stroke, ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, and CKD, as mentioned above [18]. In an analysis of seven UK based diabetic patient cohorts, Kengne et al [19] found that anaemia and CVD conferred similar mortality risks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and Characterisation of Anaemia in Diabetic Foot Ulceration

Wright

Oddy

Richards

2014

Anemia

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Introduction. Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is the commonest cause of severe limb ischaemia in the western world. In diabetes mellitus, anaemia is frequently unrecognized, yet studies have shown that it is twice as common in diabetics compared with nondiabetics. We aimed to assess the incidence of anaemia and further classify the iron deficiency seen in a high-risk DFU patient group. Methods. An observational study was undertaken in a multidisciplinary diabetic foot clinic setting. All patients with DFU attending over a four-month period were included. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin (Hb) levels <12 g/dL. Iron deficiency was classified according to definitions of AID (absolute iron deficiency) and FID (functional iron deficiency). Results. 27 patients had DFU; 14 (51.9%) were anaemic; two (7.41%) had severe anaemia (Hb < 10 g/dL). No patient had B12 or Folate deficiency. In patients with anaemia, there was significant spread of indices. Only one patient had “textbook” absolute iron deficiency (AID) defined as low Hb, MCV, MCH, and ferritin. Functional iron deficiency (FID) was seen in a further seven patients (25.5%). Conclusion. Anaemia and iron deficiency are a common problem in patients with DFU. With current clinical markers, it is incredibly difficult to determine causal relationships and further in-depth scientific study is required.

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Anaemia and type 2 diabetes: implications from a retrospectively studied primary care case series

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Anemia in type 2 diabetic patients and correlation with kidney function in a tertiary care sub-Saharan African hospital: a cross-sectional study

Anemia in type 2 diabetic patients and correlation with kidney function in a tertiary care sub-Saharan African hospital: a cross-sectional study

<p>Anemia and Its Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North-East Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Presence and Characterisation of Anaemia in Diabetic Foot Ulceration

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