Anaerobic Digestion for Reduction and Stabilization of Organic Solid Waste During Space Missions: Systems Analysis

Xu, Qiyong; Townsend, Tim; Chynoweth, D.P.; Haley, Patrick J.; Owens, J.M.; Rich, Elana; Maxwell, Scott; Choi, Hee Sun

doi:10.4271/2002-01-2521

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…The results indicated a strong link between colorectal cancer and levels of trimethylamine N-oxide, which is a gut microbial metabolite of dietary meat and fat. 45 Mathematical modeling was used to develop such tools that can predict interaction of microbiome with diet and host metabolism. The model was validated, and findings from gut microbiota, diet, and metabolites were successfully integrated.…”

Section: Data Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic and Technical Challenges in Studying the Human Microbiome and Cancer Epidemiology

Verma

2016

Technol Cancer Res Treat

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This article reviews the significance of the microbiome in cancer epidemiology, mechanistic and technical challenges in the field, and characterization of the microbiome in different tumor types to identify biomarkers of risk, progression, and prognosis. Publications on the microbiome and cancer epidemiology were reviewed to analyze sample collection and processing, microbiome taxa characterization by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, and microbiome metabolite characterization (metabotyping) by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The analysis identified methodology types, research design, sample types, and issues in integrating data from different platforms. Aerodigestive cancer epidemiology studies conducted by different groups demonstrated the significance of microbiome information in developing approaches to improve health. Challenges exist in sample preparation and processing (eg, standardization of methods for collection and analysis). These challenges relate to technology, data integration from ''omics'' studies, inherent bias in primer selection during 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, the need for large consortia with well-characterized biospecimens, cause and effect issues, resilience of microbiota to exposure events (requires longitudinal studies), and expanding studies for fungal and viral diversity (most studies used bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing for microbiota characterization). Despite these challenges, microbiome and cancer epidemiology studies are significant and may facilitate cancer risk assessment, diagnosis, and prognosis. In the future, clinical trials likely will use microbiota modifications to improve the efficacy of existing treatments.

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Section: Data Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic and Technical Challenges in Studying the Human Microbiome and Cancer Epidemiology

Verma

2016

Technol Cancer Res Treat

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Anaerobic Digestion for Reduction and Stabilization of Organic Solid Wastes During Space Missions: Laboratory Studies

Chynoweth¹,

Haley²,

Owens³

et al. 2002

SAE Technical Paper Series

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The technical feasibility of applying anaerobic digestion for reduction and stabilization of the organic fraction of solid wastes generated during space missions was investigated. This process has the advantages of not requiring oxygen or high temperature and pressure while producing methane, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and compost as valuable products. High-solids leachbed anaerobic digestion employed here involves a solidphase fermentation with leachate recycle between new and old reactors for inoculation, wetting, and removal of volatile organic acids during startup. After anaerobic conversion is complete, the compost bed may be used for biofiltration and plant growth medium. The nutrientrich leachate may also be used as a vehicle for nutrient recycle. Physical properties of representative waste feedstocks were determined to evaluate their space requirements and hydraulic leachability in the selected digester design. Anaerobic biochemical methane potential assays were run on several feedstocks to determine extent and rates of bioconversion. Modifications for operation of a leachbed anaerobic digestion process in space environments were incorporated into a modified design, including flooded operation to force leachate through feedstock beds and separation of biogas from leachate in a gas collection reservoir. The results of runs in a prototype laboratoryscale reactor system operated on simulated solid waste blends are presented.

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Evolution of Advanced Life Support Architectures Throughout the Exploration Spirals: A Midterm Review

Johnson¹,

Crabb²,

Mischnick³

et al. 2005

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Anaerobic Digestion for Reduction and Stabilization of Organic Solid Waste During Space Missions: Systems Analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Mechanistic and Technical Challenges in Studying the Human Microbiome and Cancer Epidemiology

Mechanistic and Technical Challenges in Studying the Human Microbiome and Cancer Epidemiology

Anaerobic Digestion for Reduction and Stabilization of Organic Solid Wastes During Space Missions: Laboratory Studies

Evolution of Advanced Life Support Architectures Throughout the Exploration Spirals: A Midterm Review

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