Anaerobic Digestion for Use in the Pulp and Paper Industry and Other Sectors: An Introductory Mini-Review

Zhang, Anlong; Shen, Jing; Ni, Yonghao

doi:10.15376/biores.10.4.zhang

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The VLR of the IC reactor at the Saigon Paper mill is 6-14 kg/m 3 .d, and as Figure 5 shows, the higher the VLR rate the higher the COD removal efficiency. This has been proven by a study conducted by Zhang, et al (2015) [8]. But a paper mill's VLR could reach 20-25 kgCOD/m 3 .d as in the case of Guangxi Nanning Sugar Industry Co., Ltd. [8] Unfortunately, Saigon Paper's IC reactor has never shown a VLR higher than 14 kg/m 3 .d, and only one reactor is currently running so it is not possible to see its maximum VLR load.…”

Section: Results and Discussuonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second component of the IC reactor is responsible for treating the wastewater with a lower organic load from the first component, and the treated wastewater then flows out for the next treating process. [8] Due to its unique mechanics, the IC reactor has many advantages over the UASB: investment cost is lower as the IC reactor volume is smaller but treats the same type of wastewater; it is taller, therefore saving the ground space usually required; OLR is higher but with lower hydraulic retention because internal circulation is occurring inside the reactor and mixes very well with the influent; external circulation is optional as internal circulation occurs, saving energy needed for external circulation; internal circulation also helps dilute the influent, so the IC reactor has a higher shock loading [9].…”

Section: Ic Reactor Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…apply a different method of biological treatment. Internal Circulation Reactor (IC reactor) is an anaerobic treatment with a high removal rate of industrial wastewater that has a very high COD (up to 35000 mg/l) and organic load [8][9][10]. Despite its potential, the IC reactor has not been recognised by many investors, and there are only a few studies on it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applying Internal Circulation Anaerobic Reactor for Wastewater Treatment: A Case Study in Saigon Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment Plant

Tran¹,

Bui

2019

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment

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Internal Circulation reactor (IC reactor) is an anaerobic digestive system with the capability to treat high-load Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of industrial wastewater (e.g. brewery, potato starch, pulp and paper). IC reactor advantages include of the following: only small areas required, shock load resistance, produces more biogas and uses less energy compared to the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor. BIOPAQ@ICX is an upgrade to BIOPAQ@IC that has higher efficiency, lower volume, able to build from the current anaerobic reactor, and its trial has produced positive results in many different countries and with various types of wastewater. A case study of the wastewater treatment plant at Saigon Paper’s mills shows that the IC reactor COD removal rate is over 80% when the COD is not over 2300 mg/L; Volumetric Load Rate (VLR) is 6–14 kgCOD/m3.day and the removal rate is higher with a higher load and could reach 80% at 14 kgCOD/m3.day; granular sludges settle very well, and the three-phase separator is efficient of preventing sludge from washing out; pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), alkalinity, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), N-NH4+, P-PO4 3-, Ca, SO4 2- were also analysed and indicated that the IC reactor is operating well.

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Section: Results and Discussuonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ic Reactor Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applying Internal Circulation Anaerobic Reactor for Wastewater Treatment: A Case Study in Saigon Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment Plant

Tran¹,

Bui

2019

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment

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“…A possible explanation of this discrepancy finding is two reasons. Firstly, IC has a higher treatment capacity than UASB, as the same conditions of this WWTP, IC generates approximately 7,895 m 3 biogas/day (Driessen et al 2000) as compared with 6,090 m 3 biogas/day of UASB (Metcalf et al 2004); the biogas could utilize become energy (3,088 kWh and 2,382 kWh for IC and UASB, respectively); therefore, IC could hugely reduce the energy or reduce the global warming, ozone formation-human health, ozone formation-terrestrial ecosystems (Driessen et al 2000;Zhang et al 2015). Secondly, even both IC and UASB are anaerobic techniques; however, the chemical balance for COD: N: P in IC is 800:5:1 while UASB is 350:5:1, which means IC process uses fewer chemicals more with lower HRT compared to UASB.…”

Section: Ic and Uasb Scenarios Environmental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle assessment of paper mill wastewater: a case study in Viet Nam

Bui

Chen

Anh

et al. 2022

Water Science and Technology

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Although in a critical position in the economy, the paper industry releases a lot of wastewater that requires adequate treatment for sustainable development. This study presents an application of Life cycle assessment (LCA) with ReCiPe tool on the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of a paper factory in Vietnam to evaluate the environmental effect of the individual techniques in WWTP, especially internal circulation (IC) reactor, a pioneer and practical anaerobic technology. Both Midpoint and Endpoint categories results demonstrated that chemical use and electricity consumption mainly contributed to the environmental impact in the WWTP. The Dissolved air flotation (DAF) and Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) are classified as effective techniques to reduce the impacts on the environment. Moreover, the comparison of LCA between IC and up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) shows that IC is the better practically green technique on the environment.

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“…High VFA concentrations can also lead to a drop of pH in the reactors which is unfavorable for the methanogens. Although the AD process can proceed at a wide range of pH values at different stages, the optimal range for methanogens is 6.5-7.5 and should be maintained to enhance the activities of these bacteria [45][46][47]. Therefore sufficient alkalinity is required during the AD process to counteract instability and system failure in the process [45].…”

Section: Acidogenesis and Acetogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on strategies to optimize metabolic stages of anaerobic digestion of municipal solid wastes towards enhanced resources recovery

Richard

Hilonga

Machunda

et al. 2019

Sustain Environ Res

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Recently, there are increased efforts by municipals and researchers to investigate the potential of utilizing municipal solid wastes (MSW) for resources recovery. In many parts of developing countries, MSW is mostly collected for disposal with little emphasis on resources recovery. However, the MSW has high organic and moisture contents, and are suitable substrates for anaerobic digestion (AD) process to recover biogas for energy and digestate which can be used as fertilizers or for soil amendments. Resources recovery from the AD process consists of four metabolic stages; hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. These metabolic stages can be affected by several factors such as the nature of substrates, accumulation of volatile fatty acids, and ammonia inhibition. In this review, different optimization strategies towards resources recoveries such as pre-treatment, codigestion, trace elements supplementation, optimization of key parameters and the use of granular activated carbon are discussed. The review reveals that the currently employed optimization strategies fall short in several ways and proposes the need for improvements.

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Anaerobic Digestion for Use in the Pulp and Paper Industry and Other Sectors: An Introductory Mini-Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Applying Internal Circulation Anaerobic Reactor for Wastewater Treatment: A Case Study in Saigon Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment Plant

Applying Internal Circulation Anaerobic Reactor for Wastewater Treatment: A Case Study in Saigon Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment Plant

Life cycle assessment of paper mill wastewater: a case study in Viet Nam

A review on strategies to optimize metabolic stages of anaerobic digestion of municipal solid wastes towards enhanced resources recovery

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