Anaerobic digestion of undiluted simulant human excreta for sanitation and energy recovery in less-developed countries

Colón, Joan; Forbis-Stokes, Aaron A.; Deshusses, Marc A.

doi:10.1016/j.esd.2015.09.005

Cited by 74 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This system was called and will hereon be referred to as the Anaerobic Digestion Pasteurization Latrine (ADPL). The concept was tested in the laboratory with simulant feces and urine for over 1 year with a 17 L floating dome digester (Colón et al , 2015). Effluent from the digester flowed through a countercurrent heat exchanger and then into a biogas-powered heater that supplied the necessary thermal energy for pasteurization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Site Fecal Sludge Treatment with the Anaerobic Digestion Pasteurization Latrine

Forbis-Stokes

O'Meara

Mugo

et al. 2016

Environmental Engineering Science

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The Anaerobic Digestion Pasteurization Latrine (ADPL) is a self-contained and energy neutral on-site sanitation system using anaerobic digestion of fecal sludge to generate biogas and then uses the biogas to pasteurize the digester effluent at 65–75°C to produce a safe effluent that can be reused locally as a fertilizer. Two ADPL systems were installed on residential plots with 17 and 35 residents in a peri-urban area outside of Eldoret, Kenya. Each system comprised three toilets built above a floating dome digester and one heat pasteurization system to sanitize the digested effluent. ADPLs are simple systems, with no moving parts and relying on gravity-induced flows. Adoption at the two sites was successful, and residents reported that the systems had little to no odor or flies. ADPLs were monitored for biogas production and temperatures in the pasteurization system. ADPLs serving 17 and 35 residents produced on average 16 and 11 Lbiogas/person/day (maximum of 20 and 15 Lbiogas/p/d), respectively. The temperature in the sterilization system was greater than 65°C on 58% and 87% of sampling days during the most stable period of operation. Treated effluent was analyzed periodically for chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), pH, and fecal coliform (FC). On average, the effluent at the two locations contained 4,540 and 6,450 mg COD/L (an 85% or 89% reduction of the estimated input), 2,050 and 3,970 mg BOD/L, and 2,420 and 4,760 mg NH3-N, respectively, and greater than 5 log reductions of FC (nondetectable) in the sterilization tank. Results from this field study show that anaerobic digestion of minimally diluted fecal sludge can provide enough energy to pasteurize digester effluent and that the ADPL may be a suitable option for on-site fecal sludge treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Site Fecal Sludge Treatment with the Anaerobic Digestion Pasteurization Latrine

Forbis-Stokes

O'Meara

Mugo

et al. 2016

Environmental Engineering Science

Self Cite

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“…Matching the introduced needs and best practises, an effective way to tackle OWHB management deals with the anaerobic digestion of faeces and urine to micro-produce biogas, for local use, and fertilizers, as residual, for local agriculture [11]. Biogas digesters could be an effective solution to face the sanitation problems without restricting or forcing way-of-living changes and, in parallel, avoiding the illegal market of fossil fuels.…”

Section: Waste Management and Sanitation In Developing Regions And Humentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a well-established technology for the treatment of the organic fraction of various waste materials [10,11,13,[45][46][47][48]. Well documented attempts to use anaerobic digestion on OWHB date from the mid-nineteenth century, when digesters were constructed in New Zealand and India.…”

Section: Anaerobic Digestion Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogas Micro-Production from Human Organic Waste—A Research Proposal

et al. 2018

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Organic waste (OW) management tackles the problem of sanitation and hygiene in developing countries and humanitarian camps where unmanaged waste often causes severe health problems and premature death. OW still has a usable energy content, allowing biogas production, potentially contributing to satisfy the local needs, e.g., cooking, lighting and heating. Digesters are the devices converting OW into biogas under anaerobic conditions. They are simple and effective solutions for the OW management in rural areas, humanitarian camps and remote developing regions, producing energy and fertilizers for local farming as residual. This paper describes the design and lab-test of a domestic OW management system integrating a waterless toilet with a small-scale digester producing safe biogas for local micro-consumption. Starting from people's needs and an extensive review of the current state-of-art technology, the proposed system's key innovation and strength is the combination of effectiveness and a very simple construction, set up and use, fitting with the rural conditions and raw materials available within the emerging countries. A small-scale prototype is assembled and lab-tested assessing the quantity-i.e., productivity-and quality-i.e., composition and methane content-of the produced biogas. The measured productivity in terms of specific biogas production (SBP) is of about 0.15 m 3 /kg SV and a methane content of about 74% in mass match the energy needs of domestic users, encouraging the spread of such systems in developing regions and rural areas.

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“…The same author reported the inhibition of anaerobic digestion when mixing feces and urine as result of high concentration of nitrogen in the latter. Colón et al [11][12] performed undiluted simulant human excreta in mesophilic condition; and reported that biogas yield ranged 0.24 to 0.44 NL biogas g -1 COD and COD removal efficiency was about 80%. Others studies [13][14] just focus on treating and removing COD from fecal sludge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Fecal Sludge Conversion Into Biogas Using Iron Powder During Anaerobic Digestion Process

Agani¹,

Suanon²,

Dimon³

et al. 2016

AJEP

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Anaerobic digestion of undiluted simulant human excreta for sanitation and energy recovery in less-developed countries

Cited by 74 publications

References 31 publications

On-Site Fecal Sludge Treatment with the Anaerobic Digestion Pasteurization Latrine

On-Site Fecal Sludge Treatment with the Anaerobic Digestion Pasteurization Latrine

Biogas Micro-Production from Human Organic Waste—A Research Proposal

Enhancement of Fecal Sludge Conversion Into Biogas Using Iron Powder During Anaerobic Digestion Process

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