Anaerobic Treatment of Concentrated Black Water in a UASB Reactor at a Short HRT

Graaff, M.S. de; Temmink, Hardy; Zeeman, G.; Buisman, Cees J.N.

doi:10.3390/w2010101

Cited by 135 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A study by de Graaff et al [51] showed that applying UASB treatment to concentrated black water from an experimental vacuum toilet system at ambient temperature, with total influent COD as high as 9800 mg/L and stable COD removal efficiencies of over 80%, could be obtained, with methane generation as high as 1.8 m 3 CH 4 /m 3 treated black water. Ideally, source separation and concentration of organic load could make UASB-type treatment more attractive, due to the low reactor volumes needed and high energetic recoveries.…”

Section: Anaerobic Digestion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated, Decentralized Wastewater Management for Resource Recovery in Rural and Peri-Urban Areas

Capodaglio

2017

Resources

171

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Collection and treatment of wastewater have a huge impact on the environment and economy, both at the local and global levels. Eco-innovation may play a paramount role in the reduction of the environmental impact of such systems, and in their greater sustainability in economic, environmental, and social terms. Decentralization appears as a logical solution to tackle sustainability problems of wastewater management systems, as it focuses on the on-site treatment of wastewater and on local recycling and reuse of resources contained in domestic wastewater (in primus, water itself). This paper analyses the needs, technological options and contribution to water management of decentralized systems. Decentralized solutions in general will tend to be compatible with local water use and reuse requirements, where locally treated water could support agricultural productivity or (in more urban areas) be used as a substitute for drinking-quality supply water for compatible uses. In analyzing sustainability of technology, different dimensions should be taken into account (in particular, local issues). There is no fixed or universal solution to the technological issue; to the contrary, all relevant studies demonstrated there are varying degrees of sustainability in the way a technology is selected and operated, to avoid exporting problems over time or space.

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Section: Anaerobic Digestion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated, Decentralized Wastewater Management for Resource Recovery in Rural and Peri-Urban Areas

Capodaglio

2017

Resources

171

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“…The higher the organic content, the more biogas. For blackwater stream where the organic concentration is at least 10 times higher than conventional mixed wastewater [128,129], up to 97% of total COD can be removed and 60% converted to CH4 [127,129,130]. The diversion of urine prevents the inhibition of methanogensis from high levels of ammonium and improves the efficiency of digestion and energy recovery.…”

Section: Energy Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other configurations are being investigated to improve the efficiency of the biodegration of the organics, reduce the hydraulic and solid retention time and recover the dissolved methane loss to the effluent in processes such as ananerobic membrane bioreactors [68,129,130], anaerobic fludized bed reactors [68,131,132], upflow anaerobic sludge blankets [129,133,134], and the combination of MFCs and anaerobic membrane bioreactor [135]. In addition, since organics in human feces are mostly metabolized low molecular weight carbons, co-digestion with food waste which contains higher molecular weight carbons can double the biogas production [127,129]. In response to a European Union Directive requiring diversion of 65% of the 1995 levels of organic wastes from landfills, there were 127 operational food waste anaerobic digesters, with a capacity of 4.6 million tons, installed as of 2006 in Europe [127].…”

Section: Energy Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Water Systems for the City of Tomorrow—A Conceptual Framework

Xue

González-Mejía

et al. 2015

Sustainability

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Urban water systems are an example of complex, dynamic human-environment coupled systems which exhibit emergent behaviors that transcend individual scientific disciplines. While previous siloed approaches to water services (i.e., water resources, drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater) have led to great improvements in public health protection, sustainable solutions for a growing global population facing increased resource constraints demand a paradigm shift based on holistic management to maximize the use and recovery of water, energy, nutrients, and materials. The objective of this review paper is to highlight the issues in traditional water systems including water demand and use, centralized configuration, sewer collection systems, characteristics of mixed wastewater, and to explore alternative solutions such as decentralized water systems, fit for purpose and water reuse, OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 12072 natural/green infrastructure, vacuum sewer collection systems, and nutrient/energy recovery. This review also emphasizes a system thinking approach for evaluating alternatives that should include sustainability indicators and metrics such as emergy to assess global system efficiency. An example paradigm shift design for urban water system is presented, not as the recommended solution for all environments, but to emphasize the framework of system-level analysis and the need to visualize water services as an organic whole. When water systems are designed to maximize the resources and optimum efficiency, they are more prevailing and sustainable than siloed management because a system is more than the sum of its parts.

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“…The total wet sludge production was calculated using the volume of the UASB reactor (calculations for the reactor volume are presented in the sub-chapter Calculations for reactor dimensions and land area requirement) and the sludge concentration (34 gCOD/L [27]). The sludge production in the SBR was calculated using a sludge yield of 0.12 kgVSS/kgCOD removed and a sludge concentration of 5.5 gVSS/L [9].…”

Section: A1 Calculations For Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of Source-Separation-Based Sanitation Concepts: A Model-Based Study

Tervahauta

Hoang

Hernández³

et al. 2013

Water

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Separation of different domestic wastewater streams and targeted on-site treatment for resource recovery has been recognized as one of the most promising sanitation concepts to re-establish the balance in carbon, nutrient and water cycles. In this study a model was developed based on literature data to compare energy and water balance, nutrient recovery, chemical use, effluent quality and land area requirement in four different sanitation concepts: (1) centralized; (2) centralized with source-separation of urine; (3) source-separation of black water, kitchen refuse and grey water; and (4) source-separation of urine, feces, kitchen refuse and grey water.The highest primary energy consumption of 914 MJ/capita(cap)/year was attained within the centralized sanitation concept, and the lowest primary energy consumption of 437 MJ/cap/year was attained within source-separation of urine, feces, kitchen refuse and grey water. Grey water bio-flocculation and subsequent grey water sludge co-digestion decreased the primary energy consumption, but was not energetically favorable to couple with grey water effluent reuse. Source-separation of urine improved the energy balance, nutrient recovery and effluent quality, but required larger land area and higher chemical use in the centralized concept.

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Anaerobic Treatment of Concentrated Black Water in a UASB Reactor at a Short HRT

Cited by 135 publications

References 30 publications

Integrated, Decentralized Wastewater Management for Resource Recovery in Rural and Peri-Urban Areas

Integrated, Decentralized Wastewater Management for Resource Recovery in Rural and Peri-Urban Areas

Sustainable Water Systems for the City of Tomorrow—A Conceptual Framework

Prospects of Source-Separation-Based Sanitation Concepts: A Model-Based Study

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