Based on results of pilot scale research with source-separated black water (BW) and grey water (GW), a new sanitation concept is proposed. BW and GW are both treated in a UASB (-septic tank) for recovery of CH4 gas. Kitchen waste is added to the anaerobic BW treatment for doubling the biogas production. Post-treatment of the effluent is providing recovery of phosphorus and removal of remaining COD and nitrogen. The total energy saving of the new sanitation concept amounts to 200 MJ/year in comparison with conventional sanitation, moreover 0.14 kg P/p/year and 90 litres of potential reusable water are produced.

No abstract

Separation of different domestic wastewater streams and targeted on-site treatment for resource recovery has been recognized as one of the most promising sanitation concepts to re-establish the balance in carbon, nutrient and water cycles. In this study a model was developed based on literature data to compare energy and water balance, nutrient recovery, chemical use, effluent quality and land area requirement in four different sanitation concepts: (1) centralized; (2) centralized with source-separation of urine; (3) source-separation of black water, kitchen refuse and grey water; and (4) source-separation of urine, feces, kitchen refuse and grey water.The highest primary energy consumption of 914 MJ/capita(cap)/year was attained within the centralized sanitation concept, and the lowest primary energy consumption of 437 MJ/cap/year was attained within source-separation of urine, feces, kitchen refuse and grey water. Grey water bio-flocculation and subsequent grey water sludge co-digestion decreased the primary energy consumption, but was not energetically favorable to couple with grey water effluent reuse. Source-separation of urine improved the energy balance, nutrient recovery and effluent quality, but required larger land area and higher chemical use in the centralized concept.

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas have been reported outside the nasopharynx in many sites, including the uterine cervix. The association with the Epstein-Barr virus in the latter site is still controversial. To date, Epstein-Barr virus genome has only been demonstrated in Asian patients. We report a case of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the uterine cervix in a white woman in whom the Epstein-Barr virus infection was tested for by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. The results of both techniques were negative. Our case and a review of the literature support the contention that cervical lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is not associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection in non-Asian patients.

Esta tesina estudia la función que tienen las innumerables referencias que José Emilio Pacheco incorporó a Morirás lejos: expresar afinidad estética, parodiar ciertos discursos o denunciar la violencia implícita en algunas formas de poder. Se considera también la forma como retan al lector a descubrirlas y perderse en ellas como en un laberinto. En este contexto se analiza la relación intertextual que hay entre esta novela y los cuentos de “El jardín de senderos que se bifurcan” de Borges y Rayuela de Cortázar. Pacheco recreó ideas o principios de composición de estos autores para configurar Morirás lejos: la multiplicidad para caracterizar a sus personajes; la fragmentación de la secuencia narrativa y la yuxtaposición de relatos; las citas y parodias de fuentes reales o ficticias; los juegos temporales que generan muchos posibles pasados o futuros; la identidad de espacio, tiempo y forma del relato en imágenes como el laberinto o la torre; el juego como medio para retar al lector y obligarlo a asumir un papel activo. Las referencias en Morirás lejos no provienen solamente de fuentes escritas, varias aluden a otros medios: cine, música, teatro o pintura. Por lo anterior, en este trabajo se estudia la relación intermedial de la novela con La Torre de Babel de Brueghel. Se describen los principales elementos de composición de la pintura: tres planos, perspectiva oblicua, contraste entre lo horizontal y vertical, etc. Se analiza la forma en que su temática y estructura suscitan la reflexión sobre los excesos del poder en Morirás lejos y configuran una imagen: la torre del parque, sus planos (ficción, historia, metaliteratura), las distintas capas que hay, desde las alturas del puesto de mira de un personaje hasta el subsuelo de las cloacas que albergan a judíos, hormigas y gusanos, y que hacen de esta torre un laberinto.