Anaerobic treatment of pinkwater in a fluidized bed reactor containing GAC

Maloney, Stephen W.; Adrian, Neal R.; Hickey, Robert F.; Heine, R.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3894(01)00375-2

Cited by 74 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A study was also performed on actual manufacturing pinkwater, the term used to describe the water discharged from the manufacture of the munitions containing TNT. In that study Maloney et al (2002) found that the AFBBs were effective in removing TNT and RDX despite widely varying concentration loads. The AFBB is one stage of a two stage process to degrade nitrobased high explosives dissolved in wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Biological transformation pathways of 2,4-dinitro anisole and N-methyl paranitro aniline in anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactors

et al. 2010

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a b s t r a c tThe US Army is evaluating new, insensitive explosives to produce safer munitions. Two potential new components are 2,4-dinitro anisole (DNAN) and N-methyl paranitro aniline (MNA), which would eventually make their way to waste streams generated in the production and handling of new munitions. The effectiveness of anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactors (AFBB) was studied for treatment and transformation of these two new chemical components in munitions. Each compound was fed into a separate reactor and monitored for removal and transformation, using ethanol as the electron donor. The results show that both were degradable using the AFBB system. DNAN was found to transform into diaminoanisole and MNA was found to transform into N-methyl-p-phenylenediamine. Both of these by-products appeared to form azobond polymers after exposure to air. To test the resilience of the reactors, the compounds were removed from the feed streams for 3 week and then reintroduced. DNAN showed that a re-acclimation period was necessary for it to be degraded again, while MNA was removed immediately upon reintroduction. The AFBB technology was shown here to be an effective means of removing the new munitions, but produce secondary compounds that could potentially be just as harmful and require further study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Biological transformation pathways of 2,4-dinitro anisole and N-methyl paranitro aniline in anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactors

et al. 2010

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“…In GAC-FBBR, the adsorbed organics are biodegraded by microorganisms attached on GAC and could release the active sites that allow the further adsorption. Therefore, the adsorption capacity of GAC protects the attached biofilm from shock organic loading and GAC is also ideal for rapid biomass colonization and could provide the shelter from shear force (Pruden et al, 2003;Maloney et al, 2002;Safferman and Bishop, 1997). Maloney et al (2002) demonstrated a pilot scale anaerobic FBBR containing GAC to treat a pinkwater consists of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and royal demolition explosive (RDX) as well as other hazardous by-products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the adsorption capacity of GAC protects the attached biofilm from shock organic loading and GAC is also ideal for rapid biomass colonization and could provide the shelter from shear force (Pruden et al, 2003;Maloney et al, 2002;Safferman and Bishop, 1997). Maloney et al (2002) demonstrated a pilot scale anaerobic FBBR containing GAC to treat a pinkwater consists of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and royal demolition explosive (RDX) as well as other hazardous by-products. The results showed that TNT and RDX could be effectively treated by anaerobic bacteria under widely varied contaminant concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an integrated sponge – Granular activated carbon fluidized bed bioreactor for treating primary treated sewage effluent

Xing

Ngo

Guo

et al. 2011

Bioresource Technology

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An integrated fluidized bed bioreactor (iFBBR) was designed to incorporate an aerobic sponge FBBR (ASB-FBBR) into an anoxic granular activated carbon FBBR (GAC-FBBR). This iFBBR was operated with and without adding a new starch based flocculant (NSBF) to treat synthetic primary treated sewage effluent (PTSE). The NSBF contains starch based cationic flocculants and trace nutrients. The results indicate that the iFBBR with NSBF addition could remove more than 93% dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 61% total nitrogen (T-N) and 60% total phosphorus (T-P) at just a very short 2 hydraulic retention time of 50 minutes. The optimum frequency of adding NSBF to the iFFBR is 4 times per day. As a pretreatment to microfiltration, the iFFBR could increase 5 L/m 2 .h of critical flux thus reducing the membrane fouling. In addition, better microbial activity was also observed with high DO consumption (>66%) and specific oxygen uptake rate (>35 mg O 2 / g VSS.h).

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“…The Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) has been evaluated over the past 10 years for the treatment of energetic contaminants (VanderLoop et al, 1998;Maloney et al, 2002;USDD, 2003;Adrian and Arnett, 2004). Application of this process to the treatment of munitions laden wastewaters has typically involved the addition of ethanol as a co-substrate to assist in the establishment of the redox conditions needed for the reduction of the nitro groups to amines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic treatment of army ammunition production wastewater containing perchlorate and RDX

Atikovic

Suidan

Maloney³

2008

Chemosphere

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a b s t r a c tPerchlorate is an oxidizer that has been routinely used in solid rocket motors by the Department of Defense and National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Royal Demolition Explosive (RDX) is a major component of military high explosives and is used in a wide variety of munitions. Perchlorate bearing wastewater typically results from production of solid rocket motors, while RDX is transferred to Army industrial wastewaters during load, assemble and pack operations for new munitions, and hot water or steam washout for disposal and deactivation of old munitions (commonly referred to as demilitarization, or simply demil).Biological degradation in Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactors (AFBR), has been shown to be an effective method for the removal of both perchlorate and RDX in contaminated wastewater. The focus of this study was to determine the effectiveness of removal of perchlorate and RDX, individually and when co-mingled, using ethanol as an electron donor under steady state conditions. Three AFBRs were used to assess the effectiveness of this process in treating the wastewater. The performance of the bioreactors was monitored relative to perchlorate, RDX, and chemical oxygen demand removal effectiveness. The experimental results demonstrated that the biodegradation of perchlorate and RDX was more effective in bioreactors receiving the single contaminant than in the bioreactor where both contaminants were fed.

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Anaerobic treatment of pinkwater in a fluidized bed reactor containing GAC

Cited by 74 publications

References 12 publications

Biological transformation pathways of 2,4-dinitro anisole and N-methyl paranitro aniline in anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactors

Biological transformation pathways of 2,4-dinitro anisole and N-methyl paranitro aniline in anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactors

Evaluation of an integrated sponge – Granular activated carbon fluidized bed bioreactor for treating primary treated sewage effluent

Anaerobic treatment of army ammunition production wastewater containing perchlorate and RDX

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