Anaerobiosis Induces Transcription but Not Translation of Sucrose Synthase in Maize

McElfresh, Kevin C.; Chourey, Prem S.

doi:10.1104/pp.87.2.542

Cited by 66 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Several groups have documented the sharp rise in Sh 1 mRNA levels in maize roots as a consequence of anaerobic stress (5,10,11,23). The reports for Sus I mRNA are not as clear and range from a decrease (1 1) or no change (23) to a twofold increase (10).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…After centrifugation for 15 min in an Eppendorf centrifuge, the supernatants were used for immunoprecipitation or gel analyses. For activity measurements, supernatants were partially purified as described by McElfresh and Chourey (11) for maize sucrose synthase. Partial purification was necessary because reducing sugars present in crude extracts interfered with the sucrose cleavage assay.…”

Section: Preparation Of Crude Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaerobic Stress Induces the Transcription and Translation of Sucrose Synthase in Rice

Ricard¹,

Rivoal²,

Spiteri³

et al. 1991

Plant Physiol.

129

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Sucrose synthase activity increased in 2-day-old rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings submitted to anaerobic stress. Likewise The unusual behavior of maize sucrose synthase isozymes under anaerobiosis led us to study the anaerobic induction of the enzyme in rice. Rice shares the metabolic strategy of maize roots in response to anaerobic stress. However, in contrast to maize roots, rice is extremely resistant to anoxia. Rice seedlings that have germinated for 48 h aerobically survive more than 21 d and are capable of coleoptile elongation under complete oxygen deprivation. Their metabolism is high enough to permit DNA, RNA, as well as protein synthesis (1,12,13). We have already shown that many of the glycolytic and fermentative enzymes increase in activity (19). ADH (16), cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (18), and PDC (our unpublished data) are all induced at both the mRNA and protein levels. The rice seedlings referred to above are still attached to the seed that contains starchy reserves. It seemed likely that the existence of these reserves played a role in the active metabolism seen in such seedlings under anoxia. Because starch mobilization is mediated by sucrose synthase, we hypothesized that in rice, sucrose synthase activity and protein levels should be induced by anaerobiosis coordinately with the other enzymes of sugar phosphate metabolism. In maize roots, however, lack ofstarch reserves means that sucrose synthase accumulation would be unnecessary.Our results were obtained using several independent techniques, including enzyme activity measurements, immunodetection on Western blots, SDS, and two-dimensional PAGE of in vivo-and in vitro-labeled total proteins and immunoprecipitates, as well as hybridization analyses of Northern blots and run-on transcripts. Sucrose synthase activity and protein both increased upon anaerobic stress. This was accompanied by an increase in the steady-state level of sucrose synthase mRNA and in the rate of transcription ofthe sucrose synthase gene. We conclude that sucrose synthase is a typical anaerobic polypeptide in rice and is induced at both the protein and mRNA levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant MaterialInbred rice (Oryza sativa L., var Cigalon) seeds were surface-sterilized with a commercial preparation of bleach, then germinated for 48 h in the dark at 25°C under distilled water with vigorous agitation ( 16). Under such conditions, seedlings are under normoxia and have coleoptiles and primary roots about 0.5 cm in length. Anaerobic treatment consisted of www.plantphysiol.org on April 3, 2019 -Published by Downloaded from

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confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Crude Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic Stress Induces the Transcription and Translation of Sucrose Synthase in Rice

Ricard¹,

Rivoal²,

Spiteri³

et al. 1991

Plant Physiol.

129

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“…sponse of the sus genes to various stimuli, including anaerobiosis (McCarty et al, 1986;Springer et al, 1986;McElfresh and Chourey, 1988), sugar levels (Koch et al, 1992), and genetically defined blocks in the synthesis of various storage products in the maize endosperm (Giroux, 1992). Furthermore, shl and susl likely arose via a gene duplication (McCarty et al, 1986).…”

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Structural Features of the Maize sus1 Gene and Protein

et al. 1994

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Genomic clones, cDNA clones, and protein of the maize (Zed mays 1.) Suc synthase1 (susl) gene were isolated and sequenced. Termini (5' and 3') of the transcribed unit were identified. The SUSl protein was purified from tissue culture cells as a phosphorylated protein. The overall structure of susl is virtually identical with that of the paralogous gene, shrunken1 (shl); however, the last intron of s h l is missing i n susl. This intron bears much sequence similarity with the adjacent exon, suggesting that the intron arose from an internal duplication. Although the placement of the other 14 introns is identical in both genes, the introns exhibit markedly greater differences in size and sequence relative to that shown by the exons. An explanation for the differential rate of divergence of exons and introns is selection pressure for gene function. Additionally, comparisons of coding regions of plant sucrose synthases show that shl-like and susl-like genes can be found in all monocots so far analyzed. These latter observations point to an important role played by both genes in this group of plants.

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“…[21][22][23] Subsequently, the accumulations of ANPs were shown to be tightly associated with efficient loading of anaerobically responsive transcripts with polysomes. Although a large number of aerobic transcripts are also induced in response to oxygen deprivation, fewer aerobic transcripts are loaded with ribosomes.…”

Section: Post-transcriptional Regulation Of Gene Expression In Submermentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in submerged root cells of maize

Zhang

Zheng

2009

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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enzymes indicated that oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria is blocked, and cells undergo glycolysis and ethanolic fermentation, thus replacing the Krebs cycle in fulfilling the cellular demand for energy. Especially, during ethanolic fermentation, ADH is responsible for the recycling of the NAD + needed for the glycolysis process to continue. 2 High levels of ADH accumulation and its activity is considered to be positively correlated with the magnitude of the stress injury, but negatively correlated with tolerant to anaerobic stress. 3,4 Physiologically, alteration of metabolic pathways results in a change of cytosolic pH, accumulation of ROS and hormone homeostasis. [5][6][7][8] Adaptation also occurs via a wide variety of morphological and anatomical responses to oxygen limitation of roots or entire plants, including formation of aerenchyma, fast underwater elongation of shoots or leaves, stomatal closure, adventitious root formation and lateral root development. 3,9-11 Each of these reactions is mediated by plant hormones, such as ethylene, auxin and ABA.Our discussion largely centres on recent work in our laboratory carried out on maize. In most of these studies, a progressive depletion of oxygen in roots was carried out by completely submerging seedlings that had developed three leaves, in growth culture buffer. Our results supported the view that submergence results in alterations of gene expression leading to metabolic, physiological and morphological changes, and that transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is involved these adaptations of maize under submergence conditions.

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Anaerobiosis Induces Transcription but Not Translation of Sucrose Synthase in Maize

Cited by 66 publications

References 13 publications

Anaerobic Stress Induces the Transcription and Translation of Sucrose Synthase in Rice

Anaerobic Stress Induces the Transcription and Translation of Sucrose Synthase in Rice

Structural Features of the Maize sus1 Gene and Protein

Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in submerged root cells of maize

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