Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Aucklandia lappa Root Extracts on Acetic Acid-Induced Writhing in Mice and Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint disease and one of the most common degenerative bone diseases among elderly people. The currently used therapeutic strategies relying on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroids for OA are often associated with gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and kidney disorders, despite being proven effective. Aucklandia lappa is a well-known traditional medicine. The root of A. lappa root has several bioactive compounds and has been in use as a natural remedy for bone diseases and other health conditions. We evaluated the A. lappa root extracts on OA progression as a natural therapeutic agent. A. lappa substantially reduced writhing numbers in mice induced with acetic acid. Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) was injected into the rats through their knee joints of rats to induce experimental OA, which shows similar pathological characteristics to OA in human. A. lappa substantially reduced the MIA-induced weight-bearing of hind limb and reversed the cartilage erosion in MIA rats. IL-1β, a representative inflammatory mediator in OA, was also markedly decreased by A. lappa in the serum of MIA rats. In vitro, A. lappa lowered the secretion of NO and suppressed the IL-1β, COX-2, IL-6, and iNOS production in RAW264.7 macrophages activated with LPS. Based on its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, A. lappa could be a potential remedial agent against OA.

Therapeutic Nanodiamonds Containing Icariin Ameliorate the Progression of Osteoarthritis in Rats

“…The advanced loss of chondrocytes displays histological and morphological alterations in articular cartilage which are very similar to those observed in human OA [41]. Moreover, MIA-induced OA models reveal inflammation and pain, including cartilage and subchondral erosion [39]. Therefore, the MIA-activated OA rat model was picked to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of ICA/TA-NDs.…”

“…Therefore, animal models that replicate the behavioral, biochemical, and pharmacological parameters of OA-related joint discomfort are of great worth. MIA, known as a metabolic inhibitor, inhibits glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in chondrocytes when injected into the joint, resulting in glycolysis and final cell death [39,40]. The advanced loss of chondrocytes displays histological and morphological alterations in articular cartilage which are very similar to those observed in human OA [41].…”

In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of Black Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) Fruit and Flower Extracts

“…According to Młynarczyk et al, elderberries exhibit a mild analgesic effect and can be employed as an adjuvant pain reliever for neuralgic, migraine, and sciatica pain [ 26 ]. In our study, European elder antinociceptive activity was analyzed in a model allowing for the evaluation of responses to chemically induced pain [ 38 , 56 ]. Although acetic-acid-induced abdominal pain is not a typical model, it has been extensively utilized for screening analgesic drugs due to its resemblance to the symptoms of human visceral pain.…”

Herbal Remedies for Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…Thorowax root contains numerous bioactive compounds such as essential oils, triterpenoid saponins, polyacetylenes, flavonoids, lignans, fatty acids, and sterols [32]. Bitter orange acts through p-Synephrine, while Aucklandia acts through costunolide, dehydrocostus lactone, dihydrocostunolide, costuslactone, α-costol, Saussurea lactone, and costuslactone [33][34][35]. The main active compounds found in atractylodes rhizome are made up of sesquiterpenes [35].…”