Analisis Besar Sudut Gonial Mandibula pada Anak-Anak Penderita Down Syndrome

Abstract

The mandible is the largest and strongest part of the craniofacial bone of the face. The mandible is the movable part of the facial bone. The mandible has two main structures, the body of the mandible and the ramus of the mandible. These two bone structures meet and form an angle called the gonial angle. The gonial angle will change with age because the mandible will undergo bone remodeling so that it can cause changes in the shape of the mandible. Changes that occur in the gonial angle can be evaluated by means of a panoramic radiograph. The growth and development of the gonial angle which is part of the mandibular bone can be influenced by several factors, namely genetics, race, sex, nutritional factors, hormones, masticatory muscle activity, lifestyle, use of drugs, and the environment. One of the genetic disorders in the process of growth and development of the mandible is Down Syndrome. Down Syndrome is characterized by a small upper jaw, a wide face, wide eye spacing, and a flat nose. The purpose of this study was to determine the size of the gonial angle of boys and girls suffering from Down Syndrome. This research is a cross sectional study with the research subjects are children with Down Syndrome aged 10-16 years. Panoramic X-rays were taken on all subjects and then the gonial angle was assessed. The results showed that the size of the gonial angle will decrease with increasing age. Girls with Down syndrome have a larger gonial angle than boys with Down syndrome.

Differences in Antegonial Index values in type II diabetes mellitus patients using panoramic radiography

“…This suggests a correlation between them in terms of bone thickness detection. [24][25][26][27] This study also indicated that the antegonial index values in the group of patients with a duration of suffering of more than 5 years had a higher occurrence of mandibular cortical thickness values that did not meet the normal limit. This is supported by the study conducted by Jang et al (2018), which stated that patients diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus for more than 5 years have lower values of mandibular cortical thickness.…”

“…23,24 The habit of chewing on one side can cause the masticatory muscles to become thick and strong, resulting in excessive pressure on the other side and affecting mandibular growth. 25,26 The occurrence of imbalanced chewing can be associated with tooth loss in individuals diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus. Patients diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus experience a decrease in mandibular cortical thickness due to bone resorption.…”

Antibacterial Irrigation Solution Cocoa Bean Cuticle Extract (Theobroma cacao L) Against Streptococcus viridans

“…Deterioration to the protective layer of the pulp allows microorganisms to resettle to the pulp through the dentin tubules, resulting in aggravation of the pulp tissue. [1] The most ordinary microorganisms encountered in pulp necrosis are Streptococcus viridans 75%. [2] Streptococcus viridans is a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium of the Streptococcus alpha-hemolytic which is pathogenic in the blood and provokes subacute bacterial endocarditis in humans.…”