“…Owing to its characteristics, the mountain olive grove is an agroecosystem with a marked multifunctionality and significant potential to provide ecosystem services benefits to the population. This type of olive grove, despite low yields in comparison to other systems, is renowned for its capacity for biodiversity conservation, rural population retention, the conservation of local production systems, the generation of high-value agricultural landscapes, and the revaluation of cultural heritage, among others (Kallas et al, 2006;Arriaza and Nekhay, 2010;Rocamora et al, 2013). However, the crisis currently faced by mountain olive groves, caused largely by lack of profitability, the design and implementation of misguided policies, poor land husbandry, and inadequate management, put the provision of these services in danger, which implies serious consequences for the environment and society at large (Rocamora-Montiel et al, 2014;Sanz-Cañada et al, 2015).…”