Análisis De La Diversidad Genética De Agaves Mezcaleros Del Centro De México

Lara-Ávila, José Pablo; Alpuche-Solís, Ángel G.

doi:10.35196/rfm.2016.3.323-330

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…crassispina in San Luis Potosí. In that study, AFLPs were used as the molecular marker, and the authors found high genetic diversity (He = 0.403), no population structure (F ST = 0) and high gene flow (tending toward infinity) [28]. The third and fourth studies were of the A. hookeri species in the P´urhepecha highlands in Michoacán, Mexico; nuclear microsatellites showed low population genetic diversity (He = 0.485) compared to the most likely wild ancestor (A. inaequidens He = 0.704-0.733), strong population structure (F ST = 0.28) and fixation of heterozygotes, a genetic trait associated with the selection of favorable genotypes in crops [16,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico

et al. 2021

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The agaves are plants of cultural importance which have been used by humans for about 10,000 years and about 40 specific uses. The most culturally and economically important of those uses are for the production of fermented (pulque) and distilled beverages (mescal). Pulque continues to be produced in nearly all of Mexico, and the agaves used for this purpose have shown domestication syndrome. We carry out an ethnobotanical, morphological, and genetic analysis of the traditional varieties of pulque agave used in the production of aguamiel (agave sap) and pulque in the state of Hidalgo. We did semi-structured interviews, free listings, and tours with 11 agave managers. We analyzed morphology and studied genetic diversity and structure using nuclear microsatellites. We found wild-collected, tolerated, transplanted, and cultivated varieties of agave. This comprised 19 traditional varieties of pulque agave, 12 of them in production during the study, which corresponded to the species Agave americana, A. salmiana y A. mapisaga and five intraspecific entities. The varieties were grouped morphologically according to a management gradient; the wild-collected varieties were the smallest, with more lateral teeth and a larger terminal spine. The cultivated varieties clearly exhibited domestication syndrome, with larger plants and smaller dentition. The expected heterozygosity (He) of the varieties ranged from 0.204 to 0.721. Bayesian clustering suggested the existence of three genetic groups, both at the level of traditional varieties of pulque agaves and for management categories, a result that matches multivariate clustering. Pulque producers in the studied localities maintain high agrobiodiversity. The cultivated varieties exhibit domestication syndrome, as has been reported for other species of the genus with the same selection purposes. Our results support the hypothesis of a decrease in genetic diversity in crops compared to wild-growing agaves, which seems to be due to vegetative propagation, among other factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico

et al. 2021

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show abstract

“…crassipina in San Luis Potosí. In that study, AFLPs were used as the molecular marker, and the authors found high genetic diversity (He = 0.403), no population structure (F ST = 0) and gene ow were high (tending toward in nity) [27]. The third and fourth studies were of the A. hookeri species in the P´urhepecha highland in Michoacán, Mexico; nuclear microsatellites showed low population genetic diversity (He = 0.485) compared to the most likely wild ancestor (A. inaequidens He = 0.704-0.733), strong population structure (F ST = 0.28) and xation of heterozygotes, a genetic trait associated with the selection of favorable genotypes in crops [16,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico

Figueredo-Urbina

Álvarez-Ríos

García-Montes

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The agaves are plants of cultural importance that have been used by humans for about 10,000 years for about 40 specific uses, of which the most culturally and economically important are fermented (Pulque) and distilled beverages (Mescal). Pulque continues to be produced in nearly all of Mexico, and the agaves used for this propose have shown domestication syndrome and selected morphological characteristics, such as larger plant size (since size is positively related to sap production) and less dentition of the leaves.Methods: In this study, we carry out an ethnobotanical, morphological and genetic analysis of the traditional varieties of pulque agave used in the production of aguamiel (agave sap) and pulque in two localities of the state of Hidalgo. We did semi-structured interviews and tours with crop owners, tlachiqueros (sap harvesters), and people related to the production system. We analyzed the morphology of 111 plants, and we studied the diversity and genetic structure of 130 individuals using 16 nuclear microsatellites.Results: We found wild, tolerated, transplanted, and cultivated varieties of agave. Asexual reproduction was the main method of propagation. We recorded 19 traditional varieties of pulque agave, 12 of them in production during the study, which correspond to the species Agave americana, A. salmiana y A. mapisaga with five intraspecific entities. The varieties were grouped according to a management gradient; the wild varieties were the smallest, with more lateral teeth and a larger terminal spine. The cultivated varieties clearly exhibited domestication syndrome, with larger plants and smaller dentition. The expected heterozygosity (He) of the varieties ranged between 0.204 to 0.721. Bayesian clustering suggested the existence of three genetic groups (K = 3), both at the level of traditional varieties of pulque agaves and for management categories, a result that matches multivariate clustering.Conclusions: Pulque producers in the studied localities, maintain high agrobiodiversity. The cultivated varieties exhibit domestication syndrome, as has been reported for other species of the genus with the same selection purposes. Our results support the hypothesis of a decrease in genetic diversity in crops compared to wild agaves, which seems to be due to vegetative propagation, among other factors.

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Traditional management of Agave used for mezcal and its associated knowledge: the case of Oaxaca and Aguascalientes, México

Pardo-Núñez¹,

Jiménez²

2019

JANRE

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Maybe the most known and diffused use of the Agave genus plants is the production of alcoholic beverages, being mezcal and tequila the most consumed. As a matter of fact, increased demand for these beverages has led to important pressures in the ecosystems from which the Agave is obtained. In the present article, we compare management practices carried out by mezcal producers in Oaxaca and Aguascalientes, comparing the state that produces the most volume of mezcal with a state that is new to that industry. We define management as "the interventions, transformations or decisions over natural or artificial systems, their elements and functional processes with explicit purposes", according with Casas et al (2014). We also explore the expressions of management, as ways to take advantage, preserve, restore or take back the vegetable elements of the ecosystem and the agroecosystem, finding important differences in terms of future sustainability for the alcoholic beverage industry.

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Análisis De La Diversidad Genética De Agaves Mezcaleros Del Centro De México

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico

Morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico

Morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico

Traditional management of Agave used for mezcal and its associated knowledge: the case of Oaxaca and Aguascalientes, México

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