Análisis De La Imagen Social De La Enfermera a Través De Las Series De Televisión (Periodo 2017-2020)

Abstract

Introducción: durante los años 2017-2020 han aumentado considerablemente las series de televisión gracias a las nuevas plataformas. Un gran número de ellas se ha desarrollado en entornos sanitarios. Sin embargo, el papel de la enfermera en ellas dista mucho de la realidad. Métodos: se ha utilizado como diseño la Teoría fundamentada a través del análisis de las series de televisión emitidas entre 2017 y 2020 con personajes dedicados a las profesiones sanitarias (principalmente enfermeras). Se ha llevado a cabo un muestreo no probabilístico e intencional. La recogida de datos se ha realizado a través de la visualización del material audiovisual (capítulos y guiones). Finalmente, los datos se han codificado a través de las codificaciones abierta, axial y selectiva. Resultado: tras un exhaustivo análisis de los guiones de las series seleccionadas, se han identificado los siguientes temas: Enfermeras empoderadas vs liderazgo en el entorno sanitario, Enfermeras ocultas vs secretos guardados, Rol de cuidado vs calidez humana, “Gracias por defendernos”, protagonismo dudoso, y “Jugando a ser Dios”, la reivindicación de la profesión. Conclusiones: los medios audiovisuales desempeñan un papel fundamental en la construcción de la representación mental que la sociedad tiene sobre las profesiones sanitarias. Estos han hecho poco por transmitir una imagen realista de la Enfermería. Las enfermeras necesitan visibilidad como proveedoras de cuidados con base científica y no como meras asistentes a las prácticas médicas. Palabras clave. medios audiovisuales (D059040), perfiles sanitarios (DDCS032475), atención de enfermería (D009732), percepción social (D012938), práctica clínica basada en la evidencia (D055317). SUMMARY Introduction: during 2017-2020, the number of television series has increased considerably thanks to the new platforms. A large number of them have been developed in healthcare environments. However, nurse’s role in them is far from reality. Methods: grounded Theory has been used as a design through the analysis of television series broadcasted between 2017 and 2020 with characters playing healthcare professions (mainly nurses). A non-probabilistic and intentional sampling was performed. Data collection has been carried out through audiovisual material visualization (chapters and scripts). Finally, data have been coded through open, axial and selective coding. Outcome: after a comprehensive analysis of the selected series scripts, the following topics have been identified: Empowered nurses vs healthcare environment leadership, Hidden nurses vs kept secrets, Caring role vs human warmth, "Thank you for upholding us", dubious protagonism, and "Playing God", the vindication of the profession. Conclusions: audiovisual media play a key role in building society's mental representation of health professions. They have done little to broadcast a realistic image of Nursing. Nurses need visibility as scientifically based care providers and not as mere assistants in medical practices. Key words video-audio media (D059040), sanitary profiles (DDCS032475), nursing care (D009732), social perception (D012938), evidence-based practice (D055317).

The image of nursing in the media: A scoping review

“…In the 1990s, only four articles were relevant for our review: two Spanish (González‐Oya & Alonso‐Pérez, 1990; Siles‐González et al., 1998) and two US studies (Aber & Hawkins, 1992; Stevens, 1990). It is remarkable that the only two studies focusing on wartime – during the Spanish Civil War (Siles‐González, et al., 1998) and the Second World War (Stevens, 1990) – were done in the 1990s.…”

“…In the 1990s, only four articles were relevant for our review: two Spanish (González-Oya & Alonso- Pérez, 1990;Siles-González et al, 1998) (1946)(1947)(1948)(1949)(1950)(1951)(1952)(1953)(1954)(1955)(1956)(1957)(1958)(1959)(1960)(1961)(1962)(1963)(1964)(1965), and ( 5) the sex object (1966)(1967)(1968)(1969)(1970)(1971)(1972)(1973)(1974)(1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980)(1981)(1982). These images epitomize the modes of thinking and feeling about nurses that were inherent in mass media entertainment and common messages of the day; as such, these depictions constitute the stereotypes of nurses fundamentally characteristic of their particular periods.…”