“…Our classification contemplates, on the one hand, the valence of an emotion (negative, if it generates an unpleasant sensation, such as frustration , or positive, referring to experiencing pleasant sensations, such as joy ) and, on the other hand, the degree of arousal (i.e., the physiological arousal that prompts action, for example by feeling enthusiasm , or that deactivates and hinders learning, boredom for example). The research was based on the analysis of the academic emotions in the taxonomies and categorizations of various authors ( Agen and Ezquerra, 2021 ; Davidson et al., 2020 ; Hernández-Barco et al., 2021a ; Michaelian and Arango-Muñoz, 2014 ; Tisza and Markopoulos, 2021 ). The emotions used in this research are listed in Table 1 .…”