“…These marketing actors form 3 shallot marketing channels where channel 1 includes farmers, villagelevel collectors, retailers, and consumers, channel 2 namely farmers, village-level collectors, districtlevel collectors, retailers, consumers, and channel 3, namely farmers, village-level collectors, wholesalers -retailers -consumers. The number of marketing channels for shallots in this study is the same as the number of marketing channels in the research by Olabu et al, (2022) and Saragih et al, (2022) where there are 3 marketing channels for shallots. However, it is different from the research (Ali et al, 2015) where there are 2 marketing channels for shallots, and the research by Marbun et al, (2018) where there are 4 marketing channels for shallots.…”