Analisis Kejadian El Nino Tahun 2015 Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Peningkatan Titik Api Di Wilayah Sumatera Dan Kalimantan

Abstract

IntisariKejadian El Nino yang berdampak pada sebagian besar wilayah Indonesia akan selalu berasosiasi dengan kekeringan akibat dari berkurangnya intensitas curah hujan. Lebih jauh akibat dari kekeringan tersebut telah menimbulkan meningkatnya titik api secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan tahun-tahun sebelumnya khususnya di wilayah Sumatera dan Kalimantan, dimana hal tersebut telah mengakibatkan terjadinya bencana asap pada tahun 2015. Tujuan utama penulisan karya tulis ini adalah untuk menganalisis kejadian El Nino pada tahun 2015 dan pengaruhnya terhadap peningkatan titik api di wilayah Sumatera dan Kalimantan baik dalam skala temporal maupun spasial. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa berdasarkan parameter NINO 3.4 SST Indeks dan Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) pada tahun 2015 telah terjadi fenomana El Nino pada level kuat yang ditandai dengan adanya pelemahan sirkulasi walker sehingga pusat tekanan rendah perpindah dari Samudera Pasifik bagian Barat ke Samudera Pasifik bagian Timur, dimana hal ini telah menyebabkan adanya penurunan intensitas curah hujan (anomali negatif) disebagian besar wilayah Indonesia terutama pada bulan Juli hingga Oktober 2015 dan oleh karena itulah pada bulan Juli hingga Oktober 2015 tersebut terjadi peningkatan jumlah titik api yang sangat tajam di wilayah Indonesia dimana persebaran titik api tersebut sebagian besar terkonsentrasi di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dan Kalimantan Tengah. AbstractEl Nino that impact most areas of Indonesia will always be associated in drought due to reduced rainfall intensity. Drought, in further, has resulted in increasing titik apis significantly compared to previous years, especially in the Sumatra and Kalimantan, that was creating smog disaster in 2015. The main objective of this research was to analyze the occurrence of El Nino in 2015 and its influence on increase of titik api in Sumatera and Kalimantan both in temporal and spatial scale. From this research it is known that based on the NINO 3.4 SST index and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) it is known there was a strong El Niño event occurred in 2015 showed there was a weakening Walker circulation so that the low pressure center moved from Western part of the Pacific Ocean to the Eastern Pacific Ocean, where this has led to a decrease rainfall intensity (negative anomaly) in most parts of Indonesia, especially from July to October 2015 and because of that from July to October 2015 there was very hight increasing number of titik apis in Indonesia where the spread of titik api the mostly concentrated in the province of South Sumatera and Central Kalimantan.

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of El Niño Impact on Land and Forest Fire in Kalimantan and Sumatra

“…Therefore, the number of total hotspots in 1 drought season nearly double the moderate El Niño year. The results obtained are similar to Yananto and Dewi (2016) study where the number of hotspots continues to increase from July to October in both regions. In November 2015, the number of hotspots had decreased drastically in line with the increase amount of rainfall (Yananto and Dewi 2016).…”

Identification of smoke peatland fire using remote sensing data based on machine learning

“…The research focusing on the mapping of smoke from forest and land fires was conducted in the regions of South Sumatra, Jambi, and Central Kalimantan (Figure 1). In 2015 and 2019, Indonesia experienced the El-Nino phenomenon, leading to widespread forest and land fires across the country, affecting almost all regions, with Kalimantan and Sumatra being the most severely impacted areas 23,24 . Specifically, the provinces of South Sumatra, Jambi, and Central Kalimantan were among the three provinces that were most affected by the fires during that period.…”

The Use of SST Anomaly to Predict Seasonal Rainfall during the Second Planting Period in the Tanoh Abee Irrigation Area, Aceh Besar

“…Location outside the Niño region were ignored even though they have a high spatial correlation value. Previ- ous researches revealed that the Niño region may affect the rainfall variability in Indonesia (Hidayat et al, 2018;Nabilah et al, 2017;Pan et al, 2018;Qalbi et al, 2017;Yananto and Dewi, 2016). Therefore, the predictor coordinates were only taken in the Niño region.…”

“…SST has a strong effect on rainfall in Indonesia from the dry season to the transitional season, between April -November (Hidayat and Ando, 2014). Fluctuation of sea surface temperature in the Niño 3, 3.4, and 4 region will affect rainfall in Indonesia (Yananto and Dewi, 2016), such as rainfall in Central Java (Hidayat et al, 2018), West Java (Nabilah et al, 2017), Banten (Mulyaqin, 2020), Sulawesi (Prasetyo and Pusparini, 2018), and Sumatra (Qalbi et al, 2017). More specifically, the rainfall in Banda Aceh City and Aceh Besar District is also related to the variability of the Pacific sea surface temperature both in normal and extreme climate conditions (Ilhamsyah et al, 2019).…”