Analisis Keragaman Genetik Kedelai Introduksi Menggunakan Marka Mikrosatelit

Abstract

ABSTRAKKedelai merupakan komoditas pangan penting selain padi dan jagung. Perakitan dan pengembangan varietas unggul berperan penting dalam meningkatkan produksi. Salah satu sumber daya genetik kedelai yang dapat digunakan dalam perakitan varietas unggul adalah varietas introduksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keragaman genetik 35 kultivar kedelai introduksi yang berasal dari berbagai negara menggunakan 15 marka mikrosatelit. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Biologi Molekuler BB Biogen, Januari-Maret 2016. Hasil analisis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diberi skor data biner dan dianalisis menggunakan NTSYS dan power marker. Karakter morfologi spesifik setiap kultivar menetukan keragaman genetik. Korelasi positif signifikan diidentifikasi pada beberapa karakter morfologi yang bermanfaat dalam program pemuliaan dengan kombinasi karakter target. Sebanyak 189 alel berhasil dideteksi dengan kisaran 6-23 alel/lokus, rata-rata 12,6 alel/marka. Nilai PIC menunjukkan tingkat polimorfisme berkisar antara 0,76 (GmES1424) hingga 0,95 (Satt100) dengan rata-rata 0,86. Sebanyak 12 marka yang memiliki nilai PIC >0,80 menunjukkan kemampuan dalam mendiskriminasi kultivar kedelai. Frekuensi alel utama rata-rata 21% dengan nilai tertinggi 39% (Satt125) dan terendah 8% (Satt100). Lima marka SSR mampu mendiskriminasi genotipe heterozigot dengan nilai heterozigositas antara 0,41 (SoyF3H) hingga 0,82 (Satt333). Hasil analisis filogenetik menunjukkan 35 kultivar kedelai introduksi memisah menjadi dua klaster utama, masing-masing 13 dan 22 kultivar pada koefisien 0,82 berdasarkan latar belakang genetik. Marka mikrosatelit dan informasi keragaman genetik pada penelitian ini bermanfaat mengarahkan persilangan kedelai dengan memanfaatkan material genetik introduksi.Kata kunci: kedelai, kultivar introduksi, keragaman genetik, marka mikrosatelit ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Meriil) is an important crop next to rice and corn. The development of improved variety are important to increase national soybean production. The introduced soybean varieties is one of genetic resources that can be used to create improved soybean varieties. The aim of this study was to analyze 35 introduced soybean cultivars using 15 microsatellite markers. The research was conducted in ICABIOGRAD Molecular Biology Laboratory, in January-March 2016. PCR analysis was scored as binary data and the collected data was analyzed using NTSYS and PowerMarker. Specific morphological characters from each soybean cultivar determine the genetic diversity. Significant positive correlations were identified among morphological characters which would be helpful to improve the desired character. The result showed that 189 alleles were detected with average of 12.6 alleles per marker. The polymorphism level (PIC) was 0.86 (0.76-0.95). There were 12 of total markers having PIC>0.80 indicating their robustness to discriminating soybean cultivars. The average major allele frequency was 21% and ranges from 8% (Satt100) to 39% (Satt125). Five SSRs were able to dist...

Diversity Analysis of 53 Soybean Accessions Introduced from China Based on Morphological Characteristics and SSR Markers

“…To achieve soybean self-sufficiency, soybean productivity needs to be increased through plant breeding to develop new superior varieties [11]. The development of new superior varieties can be achieved through various methods including artificial crossing [12,13], mutation induction [14][15][16][17], local variety purification [18], and utilization of introduced varieties [19].…”

“…SSR markers have also been used for genetic diversity analysis of introduced soybean genotypes. These included reports by Lestari et al [51] on 27 introduced soybean accessions analyzed with 15 SSR markers, Terryana et al [52] on 48 introduced soybean accessions analyzed with 15 SSR markers, and Nugroho et al [19] on 35 introduced soybean genotypes originated from various countries and were analyzed with 15 SSR markers. Some of the introduced soybean accessions used in this study previously underwent molecular characterization using SSR markers and morphological characterization using secondary data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) database [19,52].…”

“…These included reports by Lestari et al [51] on 27 introduced soybean accessions analyzed with 15 SSR markers, Terryana et al [52] on 48 introduced soybean accessions analyzed with 15 SSR markers, and Nugroho et al [19] on 35 introduced soybean genotypes originated from various countries and were analyzed with 15 SSR markers. Some of the introduced soybean accessions used in this study previously underwent molecular characterization using SSR markers and morphological characterization using secondary data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) database [19,52]. However, the use of SSR marker types was not described in previous studies [19,52], and such data, along with morphological data derived from planting outcomes in Indonesia, is an important and new source of information for soybean breeding programs.…”

“…Some of the introduced soybean accessions used in this study previously underwent molecular characterization using SSR markers and morphological characterization using secondary data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) database [19,52]. However, the use of SSR marker types was not described in previous studies [19,52], and such data, along with morphological data derived from planting outcomes in Indonesia, is an important and new source of information for soybean breeding programs. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of 53 Chinese introduced soybean accessions through morphological and molecular characterization approaches.…”

Analisis Keragaman Genetik Aksesi Kedelai Introduksi Dari Wilayah Subtropis Berbasis Morfologi Dan Molekuler

“…Wang et al, 2008). Beberapa peneliti di Indonesia juga diketahui telah memanfaatkan marka mikrosatelit untuk analisis karakterisasi molekuler pada kedelai (Chaerani, Hidayatun, dan Utami, 2011;Lestari et al, 2016;Nugroho et al, 2017;Risliawati, Riyanti, Lestari, Utami, dan Silitonga, 2015;Santoso, Utami, dan Septiningsih, 2006;Terryana et al, 2017). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keragaman genetik 45 aksesi kedelai introduksi berdasarkan karakter morfologi kualitatif dan marka mikrosatelit.…”