Isolation, Identificaton, and Charaterization of Blast Fungus Pyricularia oryzae Derived from Rejuvenation. Puji Lestari, Wawan, Tri P. Priyatno, Wening Enggarini, Reflinur, and Yadi Suryadi. Blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae (Po) is one of the important diseases on rice crop in Indonesia. This study was aimed at obtaining blast fungus pathogen rejuvenated from preserved seed origin, agar medium and rice leaf tissue. In addition, we identified blast isolates for long-term storage collection, and characterized isolates towards their specific locus of genes virulence. The results revealed that 22.7% isolates stored in agar media produced a typical mycelium of Po. The specificity of total genomic DNA banding pattern of isolates which were analyzed using specific primers encoding virulence genes of Cut1, Erg2, and Pwl2, showed six haplotypes consist of B-001 (1 isolate), C-011 (1 isolate), D-111 (8 isolate), F-110 (1 isolate), G-100 (3 isolate), and H-101 (2 isolate). None of haplotypes A-000 and E-010 were found among the isolates studied. In regard to its pathogenicity, the majority of Po fungal isolates had Cut1, Pwl2, and Erg2 genes. Among the total isolates of the Po fungus, the greatest proportion of genes were Pwl2 (87.5%) followed by Cut1 (75%) and Erg2 (62.4%) genes.

ABSTRAKKedelai merupakan komoditas pangan penting selain padi dan jagung. Perakitan dan pengembangan varietas unggul berperan penting dalam meningkatkan produksi. Salah satu sumber daya genetik kedelai yang dapat digunakan dalam perakitan varietas unggul adalah varietas introduksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keragaman genetik 35 kultivar kedelai introduksi yang berasal dari berbagai negara menggunakan 15 marka mikrosatelit. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Biologi Molekuler BB Biogen, Januari-Maret 2016. Hasil analisis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diberi skor data biner dan dianalisis menggunakan NTSYS dan power marker. Karakter morfologi spesifik setiap kultivar menetukan keragaman genetik. Korelasi positif signifikan diidentifikasi pada beberapa karakter morfologi yang bermanfaat dalam program pemuliaan dengan kombinasi karakter target. Sebanyak 189 alel berhasil dideteksi dengan kisaran 6-23 alel/lokus, rata-rata 12,6 alel/marka. Nilai PIC menunjukkan tingkat polimorfisme berkisar antara 0,76 (GmES1424) hingga 0,95 (Satt100) dengan rata-rata 0,86. Sebanyak 12 marka yang memiliki nilai PIC >0,80 menunjukkan kemampuan dalam mendiskriminasi kultivar kedelai. Frekuensi alel utama rata-rata 21% dengan nilai tertinggi 39% (Satt125) dan terendah 8% (Satt100). Lima marka SSR mampu mendiskriminasi genotipe heterozigot dengan nilai heterozigositas antara 0,41 (SoyF3H) hingga 0,82 (Satt333). Hasil analisis filogenetik menunjukkan 35 kultivar kedelai introduksi memisah menjadi dua klaster utama, masing-masing 13 dan 22 kultivar pada koefisien 0,82 berdasarkan latar belakang genetik. Marka mikrosatelit dan informasi keragaman genetik pada penelitian ini bermanfaat mengarahkan persilangan kedelai dengan memanfaatkan material genetik introduksi.Kata kunci: kedelai, kultivar introduksi, keragaman genetik, marka mikrosatelit ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Meriil) is an important crop next to rice and corn. The development of improved variety are important to increase national soybean production. The introduced soybean varieties is one of genetic resources that can be used to create improved soybean varieties. The aim of this study was to analyze 35 introduced soybean cultivars using 15 microsatellite markers. The research was conducted in ICABIOGRAD Molecular Biology Laboratory, in January-March 2016. PCR analysis was scored as binary data and the collected data was analyzed using NTSYS and PowerMarker. Specific morphological characters from each soybean cultivar determine the genetic diversity. Significant positive correlations were identified among morphological characters which would be helpful to improve the desired character. The result showed that 189 alleles were detected with average of 12.6 alleles per marker. The polymorphism level (PIC) was 0.86 (0.76-0.95). There were 12 of total markers having PIC>0.80 indicating their robustness to discriminating soybean cultivars. The average major allele frequency was 21% and ranges from 8% (Satt100) to 39% (Satt125). Five SSRs were able to dist...

<p>Kubis (<em>Brassica oleracea</em> var. <em>capitata</em>) merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi. Untuk meningkatkan hasil panen kubis tiap tahunnya perlu didukung oleh tersedianya varietas unggul yang tahan penyakit, terutama penyakit busuk hitam dan akar gada yang dapat menggagalkan panen. Metode yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk merakit varietas unggul adalah melalui persilangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memilih kombinasi tetua persilangan yang ideal pada tanaman kubis melalui analisis keragaman genetik menggunakan marka SSR (<em>Simple Sequence Repeats</em>). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai Mei 2013 di laboratorium Functional Crop Genomics and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Korea Selatan menggunakan 16 genotipe kubis yang diperoleh dari perusahaan benih Joeun, Korea Selatan. Keragaman genetik 16 genotipe kubis dianalisis menggunakan 35 marka SSR polimorfik, dan selanjutnya digunakan untuk menentukan keragaman genetik berdasarkan metode UPGMA. Nilai jarak genetik antar genotipe diperoleh berdasarkan rumus 1-nilai kesamaan genetik. Hasil analisis keragaman genetik membagi 16 genotipe kubis menjadi dua kelompok heterotik utama pada nilai kesamaan genetik 65,2%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis keragaman genetik dan nilai jarak genetik diperoleh empat kombinasi tetua persilangan ideal, yaitu genotipe IMO-03 vs IMO-08 (nilai jarak genetik 43%) dan IMO-03 vs IMO-10 (nilai jarak genetik 39%) untuk karakter ketahanan terhadap penyakit busuk hitam, serta genotipe IMO-18 vs IMO-10 dan IMO-17 vs IMO-10 dengan nilai jarak genetik masing-masing 45% dan 44% untuk karakter ketahanan terhadap penyakit akar gada. Keempat kombinasi tetua tersebut dipilih karena terletak pada kelompok heterotik berbeda serta mempunyai nilai jarak genetik yang jauh sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan peluang heterosis pada progeni yang dihasilkan.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p><em>Brassica oleracea</em> var. <em>capitata</em>; Genotipe; Keragaman genetik; Kubis; Pemilihan tetua</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Cabbage (<em>Brassica oleracea</em> var. <em>capitata</em>) is one of vegetable that has high economic value. The availability of high-yielding varieties that are resistant to some diseases, particularly black rot and clubroot disease is needed in order to increase cabbage yield per year. The method which can be applied to assemble new varieties is through crossbreeding program. The objective of this research was to select the ideal combination of parental lines in cabbage through analysis of genetic diversity by using SSR markers (Simple Sequence Repeats). The research was conducted from February to May 2013 in the laboratory of Crop Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, South Korea using 16 cabbage genotypes obtained from Joeun seed company, South Korea. The genetic diversity of 16 cabbage genotypes were analyzed using 35 polymorphic SSR markers, and then used to determine the genetic diversity based on UPGMA method. Meanwhile, genetic distance value among cabbage genotypes obtained by the formula of 1-value genetic similarity. The results of genetic diversity analysis divided 16 cabbage genotypes into two main heterotic groups at genetic similarity value of 65.2%. Based on the results of genetic diversity analysis and genetic distance value, we selected four combinations of ideal parental lines, namely genotype IMO-03 vs IMO-08 (genetic distance value of 43%) and IMO-03 vs IMO-10 (genetic distance value of 39%) for black rot disease resistance character, as well as genotype IMO-18 vs IMO-10 and IMO-17 vs IMO-10 with genetic distance value of 45% and 44%, respectively for club root disease resistance character. These four parental lines combination were selected as ideal parental combinations due to they were located on a different heterotic groups and has high genetic distance value, which is expected to increase the chances of heterosis in their progeny.</p>