Analisis Risiko Mikrobiologi Udara Dalam Ruang di Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Semarang Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19

Abstract

Latar belakang: Perkembangan Covid-19 dengan persebarannya dari manusia ke manusia yang semakin meluas baik di dunia maupun Indonesia membuat Kementerian Kesehatan melalui Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Semarang (KKP Semarang) turut serta berupaya mendukung pencegahan makin meluasnya persebaran Covid 19. Upaya menimalisir penyebaran virus Covid 19 ini telah dilakukan, salah satu adalah dengan program vaksinasi. KKP Semarang merupakan salah satu pos pelayanan percepatan vaksinasi di Kementerian Kesehatan yang tentunya memiliki potensi bagi pegawainya untuk terpapar kuman udara karena bekerja dalam waktu yang cukup lama dalam ruangan yang menjadi tempat berkumpulnya para pengguna jasa yang melakukan pelayanan sehingga perlu dilakukan pengukuran besar risiko paparan kuman udara pada pegawai KKP Semarang. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian obseravional, dengan melakukan pengamatan, wawancara kepada responden dan pengambilan sampel udara di KKP Semarang untuk menghitung angka kuman udara. Penentuan responden dengan menggunakan metode simple random sampling yaitu berjumlah 96 orang dan jumlah sampel udara yang diambil sebanyak 58 sampel yang diambil di seluruh wilayah KKP Semarang, pengambilan sampel ini dilakukan pada ruangan yang berpotensi sebagai tempat aktifitas pegawai dan ruangan tempat pelayanan, baik yang berlokasi di Induk maupun Wilker yang berjumlah 8 wilker. Dilaksanakan di bulan September-Oktober 2021. Pengolahan dan analisa data menggunakan metode MRA (Microbial Risk Assessment) untuk menentukan besarnya risiko paparan yang diterima oleh pegawai KKP Semarang.Hasil: Tahapan dalam MRA meliputi tahapan identifikasi bahaya, analisis pajanan, analisis dosis respon dan karakterisasi risiko. Hasil dari pengukuran angka kuman yang telah dilakukan pada 58 sampel, dengan hasil sebagian besar sampel udara memiliki angka kuman udara di atas nilai standar sebesar 500 CFU/m3 per hari seperti yang telah ditetapkan American Conference of Govermental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) dan Permenkes No 1077 tahun 2011 yaitu < 700 CFU/m3. Rata-rata angka kuman udara tertinggi ada di Wilker Pelabuhan Tegal yaitu 1.831 CFU/m3 dengan dosis pajanan tertinggi di Wilker Bandara Adisoemarmo 52,08 CFU/kg/hari. Dan nilai HQ tertinggi di Wilker Pelabuhan Tegal yaitu sebesar 7,78 (HQ > 1).Simpulan: Hasil dari analisis MRA (Microbial Risk Assessment) dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat risiko paparan kuman udara di KKP Semarang tidak aman bagi pegawai sehingga perlu dilakukan pengendalian dari risiko paparan kuman udara ini terhadap pegawai melalui penerapan alur pelayanan yang sesuai serta pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri bagi semua pegawai. ABSTRACT Title: Microbiological Risk Analysis of Indoor Air at the Port Health Office of Semarang during the Covid 19 PandemicBackground: The development of Covid-19 with its spread from human to human, which is increasingly widespread both in the world and in Indonesia, has made the Ministry of Health through the Semarang Port Health Office (KKP Semarang) take part in efforts to support the prevention of the wider spread of Covid 19. Efforts to minimize the spread of the Covid 19 virus have been carried out , one of which is the vaccination program. KKP Semarang is one of the vaccination acceleration service posts at the Ministry of Health which certainly has the potential for its employees to be exposed to airborne germs because they work for a long time in a room where service users gather for services, so it is necessary to measure the risk of exposure to airborne germs. to Semarang KKP employees.Method: This research is an observational study, by conducting observations, interviews with respondents and taking air samples at the KKP Semarang to calculate the number of airborne germs. Determination of respondents using the simple random sampling method, which is 96 people and the number of air samples taken is 58 samples taken throughout the KKP Semarang area, this sampling is carried out in a room that has the potential as a place for employee activities and rooms where services are located, both located in Parent and Wilker, totaling 8 wilker. Held in September-October 2021. Processing and analyzing data using the MRA (Microbial Risk Assessment) method to determine the amount of exposure risk received by Semarang KKP employees.Result: The stages in the MRA include the stages of hazard identification, exposure analysis, dose response analysis and risk characterization. The results of the measurement of germ numbers that have been carried out on 58 samples, with the result that most of the air samples have airborne germ numbers above the standard value of 500 CFU/m3per day as determined by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) and Minister of Health Regulation No. 1077 in 2011 which is < 700 CFU/m3.CFUThe highest average number of airborne germs is at Wilker Port of Tegal, which is 1,831 /m3 with the highest exposure dose at Wilker at Adisoemarmo Airport 52.08 CFU/kg/day. And the highest HQ value at Wilker Port of Tegal is 7.78 (HQ > 1).Conclusion: The results of the MRA (Microbial Risk Assessment) analysis can be concluded that the level of risk of exposure to airborne germs at the KKP Semarang is not safe for employees so it is necessary to control the risk of exposure to these airborne germs to employees through the application of appropriate service flows and the use of Personal Protective Equipment for all employees.