Analogue modeling of transverse drainage mechanisms

Douglass, John; Schmeeckle, M. W.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.06.004

Cited by 63 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Physical modeling in flumes can control variables to provide a stricter experimental design, provided that hydraulics and sediment properties can be properly scaled. Such physical modeling can generate testable hypotheses for field studies and verify empirical and theoretical hypotheses (Douglass and Schmeeckle, 2007). Flume studies have elucidated relations between sediment supply and fluvial processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Channel responses to varying sediment input: A flume experiment modeled after Redwood Creek, California

et al. 2009

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Channel responses to varying sediment input: A flume experiment modeled after Redwood Creek, California

et al. 2009

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“…Our interpretation considers a spill-over drainage model (e.g. Douglass and Schmeeckle, 2007) as responsible for the change of the Douro and Madrid Cenozoic basins from endorheic to exorheic: when the hot climate of the Pliocene became very humid, the large water level increase in each endorheic basin (forming a huge lake) induced an overspill towards the west, to the lower Atlantic Ocean.…”

Section: Terrace Staircasementioning

confidence: 99%

New data on the chronology of the Vale do Forno sedimentary sequence (Lower Tejo River terrace staircase) and its relevance as a fluvial archive of the Middle Pleistocene in western Iberia

Cunha

Martins

Buylaert

et al. 2017

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tThe Vale do Forno archaeological sites (Alpiarça, central Portugal) document the earliest human occupation in the Lower Tejo River, well established in geomorphological and environmental terms, within the Middle Pleistocene. In a staircase of six fluvial terraces, the Palaeolithic sites were found on the T4 terrace (þ24 m, above river bed) which is made of a basal Lower Gravels unit (LG) and an overlying Upper Sands unit (US). Geomorphological mapping, coupled with lithostratigraphy, sedimentology and luminescence dating (quartz-OSL and K-feldspar post-IRIR 290 ) were used in this study. The oldest artefacts found in the LG unit show crude bifacial forms that can be attributed to the Acheulian. In contrast, the US unit has archaeological sites stratigraphically documenting successive phases of an evolved Acheulian. Luminescence dating and correlation with the Marine Isotopic Stages suggest that the LG unit has a probable age of ca. 335 to 325 ka and the US unit an age of ca. 325 to 155 ka. This is in contrast to previous interpretations ascribing this terrace (and lithic industries) to the Last Interglacial and early phases of the Last Glacial. The VF3 site (Milhar os), containing Micoquian (Final Acheulian) industries (with fine and elaborated bifaces), found in a stratigraphic level located between the T4 terrace deposits and a colluvium associated with Late Pleistocene aeolian sands, is younger than 155 ka but much older than 32 ka.© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. IntroductionUnderstanding of the Palaeolithic occupation of Northern Europe has been substantially based on evidence from rivers (e.g. Bridgland et al., 2006). For Western Europe and specifically in Iberia, insights into the Palaeolithic occupation is similarly derived from its major rivers (from north to south: Douro, Tejo/Tagus, Guadiana, Guadalquivir) (e.g. Santonja and Villa, 2006). Within this context, the Vale do Forno archaeological sites (Alpiarça, in central Portugal; Fig. 1) provide the earliest and most well documented human occupation in the Lower Tejo (the Portuguese part of the Tejo basin). Lower Palaeolithic bifacial sites are common, often well represented by lithic industries. Their local stratigraphy and technological characteristics indicate successive phases of what is commonly named as the Acheulian. However, they were chronologically poorly constrained.From the Spanish border to the Atlantic coast, the Tejo crosses major faults which provide a natural geomorphological subdivision of the river into a series of valley reaches (I to V;Cunha et al., 2005). * Corresponding author.E-mail addresses: pcunha@dct.uc.pt (P.P. Cunha), aam@uevora.pt (A.A. Martins), jabu@dtu.dk (J.-P. Buylaert), anmu@dtu.dk (A.S. Murray), 3raposos@sapo.pt (L. Raposo), paolo.mozzi@unipd.it (P. Mozzi), m.stokes@plymouth.ac.uk (M. Stokes).

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“…2). Researchers have studied the basic mechanics of antecedence with numerical modeling (Humphrey and Konrad, 2000;Simpson, 2004) and stream table experiments (Ouchi, 1983(Ouchi, , 1985Douglass and Schmeeckle, 2007). These numerical and experimental models show that antecedence takes place when a channel has the capacity to erode into a rising bedrock structure and continue to transport sediment downstream without periods of prolonged aggradation.…”

Section: Mechanisms Antecedencementioning

confidence: 99%

A criteria-based methodology for determining the mechanism of transverse drainage development, with application to the southwestern United States

Douglass

Meek

Dorn

et al. 2009

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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The study of how rivers cross obstructing mountains, once popular in the early twentieth century, has seen a dramatic resurgence in the last decade. Since Hutton's scholarly introduction to a possible cause for transverse drainage, however, no single study has compiled all of the various criteria that can be used to discriminate among the four possible mechanisms of antecedence, superimposition, overfl ow, and piracy. This paper presents the fi rst such compilation and related methodology to apply these criteria both in tabular and graphical formats, as well as an online interactive tool in the data repository. Combining nominal and ordinal data sources, this methodology generates an objective, reproducible assessment for the mechanism most likely to have established the transverse drainage at fi ve ordinal levels of confi dence. When applied to southwestern U.S. sites, randomly selected through an objective spatial procedure, four general observations emerged on the relationship between the development of transverse drainage and landscape evolution. (1) Streams persisting through lengthy periods of extension develop antecedent canyons. (2) In order to reestablish through-fl owing channels, streams overfl ow closed basins as active extension wanes.(3) Following a drop in base level related to the newly developed trunk channels, streams tributary to the trunk channels incise into basin-fi ll deposits-sometimes leading to the development of superimposed drainages.(4) Tributaries eroding headward, in response to the integration of two or more closed basins, can capture and redirect drainage; this permits transverse drainage through both piracy and superimposition upstream of the capture event. Because extant criteria use nominal and ordinal data almost entirely, considerable potential exists to refi ne this approach through future strategies that incorporate interval data. Future use of a criteria-based method has the potential to inform on prior geomorphic studies by providing a new perspective with which to study how basins evolve in active tectonic regions, the analysis of related basin sedimentation, the hydrological and biological aspects of drainage evolution, and transverse drainage found in Martian crater fi elds.

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Analogue modeling of transverse drainage mechanisms

Cited by 63 publications

References 45 publications

Channel responses to varying sediment input: A flume experiment modeled after Redwood Creek, California

Channel responses to varying sediment input: A flume experiment modeled after Redwood Creek, California

New data on the chronology of the Vale do Forno sedimentary sequence (Lower Tejo River terrace staircase) and its relevance as a fluvial archive of the Middle Pleistocene in western Iberia

A criteria-based methodology for determining the mechanism of transverse drainage development, with application to the southwestern United States

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