Cloud computing offers a flexible framework in which data and resources are spread across different locations and can be accessed from various industrial environments. This technology has revolutionized the way resources such as data, services, and applications are used, stored, and shared in industrial applications. Over the past decade, industries have rapidly embraced cloud computing due to its advantages of enhanced accessibility, cost reduction, and improved performance. Moreover, the integration of cloud computing has led to significant advancements in the field of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, this quick shift to the cloud has also introduced various security concerns and challenges. Traditional security solutions are not always suitable or effective for cloud-based systems. Despite the continuous use of complex cyber weapons, efforts have been made in recent years to address the security issues and concerns associated with cloud platforms. The rapid progress of deep learning (DL) in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has provided opportunities to tackle these security challenges in the cloud. The research presented in this study encompasses a comprehensive survey of the enabling architecture, services, configurations, and security models for cloud-based IoT. It also categorizes the security concerns in IoT within four major categories (data, network and service, applications, and people-related security issues) and provides a detailed discussion on each category. Furthermore, the study examines the latest advancements in cloud-based IoT attacks, analyzes significant security issues within each category, and presents the limitations from a broader perspective encompassing general, artificial intelligence, and deep learning aspects.