Analysis and Design of RF CMOS Attenuators

Performance Limitations Analysis of Imperfect Attenuators for Adaptive Self-Interference Cancellation Systém

“…Considering the characteristics of practical attenuators [17], [18], the attenuator bias model is complicated, and the attenuation error is affected by many factors. Generally, we focus on the variance and mean of attenuation error in most applications, and we assume the biases of two attenuators, refering to [17], are independent and obey the normal distribution with the mean zero and variance σ 2 ε .…”

“…Generally, we focus on the variance and mean of attenuation error in most applications, and we assume the biases of two attenuators, refering to [17], are independent and obey the normal distribution with the mean zero and variance σ 2 ε . The vector form of two attenuator biases is ε(t) = ε i (t) ε q (t)…”

“…When ICR is larger than the assumed threshold γ, the state of RFAICS is regarded as stability; otherwise the RFAICS is at the convergence state. The SCT t c of RFAICS can be obtained by combining (17), (18) and (19) as…”

A CMOS digital step X-type attenuator with low process variations

“…Attenuators due to their zero DC power consumption and superior linearity are preferable to VGAs particularly in wideband applications [1,2,3,4,5]. Conventional T-/Pi-type, bridge T-/Pi-type and distributed are the basic topologies for most attenuators and can provide step attenuation by digitally controlling the gate voltages [4,5,6,7,8,9,10].…”

Inductor-less 6~18 GHz 7-Bit 28 dB Variable Attenuator Using 0.18 μm CMOS Technology

“…또한, 위상배열 안테나 의 위상을 정밀하게 조절하기 위해서는 감쇠기의 동작 상태 변화에 따른 위상 변화를 최소화하는 것이 필요하 다 [2], [3] . 디지털 가변 감쇠기의 구조는 크게 switched-path 감쇠 기, 분산(distributed) 감쇠기, 그리고 switched-Pi/T 감쇠기 등으로 나눌 수 있다.…”