Analysis and Modeling of the Wear-Out Process of a Lithium-Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt Cell during Cycling Operation under Constant Load Conditions

Burzyński, Damian; Pietracho, Robert; Kasprzyk, Leszek; Tomczewski, Andrzej

doi:10.3390/en12203899

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the course of regular cycling at room temperature, the relatively unstable two-phase structure of LiMn 2 O 4 transforms into a stable single-phase structure with the loss of Mn3 + and the formation of MnO 2 , which transforms into inactive LiMnO 2 with a layered structure upon intercalation of lithium. When the positive electrode based on lithiummanganese spinel is overcharged to potentials below 3.5 V, the crystal structure is distorted according to Jan-Teller [91][92][93][94], which leads to dissolution of spinel and slow degradation of capacity during cycling [95].…”

Section: Processes On the Positive Electrode Of The Li-ion Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in an Electric Transport Complex

et al. 2021

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The article provides an overview and comparative analysis of various types of batteries, including the most modern type—lithium-ion batteries. Currently, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are widely used in electrical complexes and systems, including as a traction battery for electric vehicles. Increasing the service life of the storage devices used today is an important scientific and technical problem due to their rapid wear and tear and high cost. This article discusses the main approaches and methods for researching the LIB resource. First of all, a detailed analysis of the causes of degradation was carried out and the processes occurring in lithium-ion batteries during charging, discharging, resting and difficult operating conditions were established. Then, the main factors influencing the service life are determined: charging and discharging currents, self-discharge current, temperature, number of cycles, discharge depth, operating range of charge level, etc. when simulating a real motion process. The work considers the battery management systems (BMS) that take into account and compensate for the influence of the factors considered. In the conclusion, the positive and negative characteristics of the presented methods of scientific research of the residual life of LIB are given and recommendations are given for the choice of practical solutions to engineers and designers of batteries. The work also analyzed various operating cycles of electric transport, including heavy forced modes, extreme operating modes (when the amount of discharge and discharge of batteries is greater than the nominal value) and their effect on the degradation of lithium-ion batteries.

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Section: Processes On the Positive Electrode Of The Li-ion Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in an Electric Transport Complex

et al. 2021

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“…State of charge (SOC) is essential for Lead Acid (LA) battery to declare its well-being operation and to eliminate over-charging/deep-discharging issues. However, the complexity of the electrochemical responses marks the SOC estimation as a challenging subject [29][30][31]. In case of nonlinear systems, BPNN is the most employed technique because of its self-learning and feedback distinction [25,32].…”

Section: State Of Charge (Soc) Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intelligent Controlling Method for Battery Lifetime Increment Using State of Charge Estimation in PV-Battery Hybrid System

et al. 2020

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In a photovoltaic (PV)-battery integrated system, the battery undergoes frequent charging and discharging cycles that reduces its operational life and affects its performance considerably. As such, an intelligent power control approach for a PV-battery standalone system is proposed in this paper to improve the reliability of the battery along its operational life. The proposed control strategy works in two regulatory modes: maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode and battery management system (BMS) mode. The novel controller tracks and harvests the maximum available power from the solar cells under different atmospheric conditions via MPPT scheme. On the other hand, the state of charge (SOC) estimation technique is developed using backpropagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm under BMS mode to manage the operation of the battery storage during charging, discharging, and islanding approaches to prolong the battery lifetime. A case study is demonstrated to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme which shows only 0.082% error for real-world applications. The study discloses that the projected BMS control strategy satisfies the battery-lifetime objective for off-grid PV-battery hybrid systems by avoiding the over-charging and deep-discharging disturbances significantly.

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“…Furthermore, intensive utilization of EVs is associated with the degradation of the battery cells and acceleration of the aging processes, which are linked with the deterioration of user comfort. Analyses are often carried out using real measurement data, and models as in [49,50] are created with the purpose of determining the phenomena affecting the battery use in the V2G operations resulting from the construction and technology used. These studies most often show a deterioration in the properties of the storage facilities due to the increased frequency of the charging and discharging process under various conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Using Medium Electric Vehicle Fleet in a Commercial Enterprise Transport in Germany on the Basis of Real-World GPS Data

Pietracho¹,

Wenge

Balischewski

et al. 2021

Energies

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The intensive electrification of the automotive sector means that the energy system must be able to adapt to the current market situation. The increase in energy demand is a major factor associated with electric vehicles. The study analyzed the operation of a grid-connected facility operating a vehicle fleet providing transport services in the region Halle/Saale, Germany. Measurement data were used in the analysis, including global positioning system data of the vehicles and technical data, including average fuel consumption on a given route section, daily load demand of the industrial facility, and energy generation from photovoltaics. This paper shows the impact of using a battery electric vehicles (BEVs) fleet in the load distribution for the industrial facility considered. The NEDC energy consumption profile for the Nissan e-NV200 were used in this study. Furthermore, the paper presented simulation results allowing one to determine the usage potential, energy demand, and consumption of EVs using real data, reliably representing the processes related to EV daily use. The measurement data were captured using available specialized equipment: Dako-Key (GPS data), PV power generation (Siemens 7KM PAC4200), and load (Janitza UMG 604-Pro) in September, 2018. On this basis, it is possible to identify the effects and variations in load on the power grid during the replacement of combustion vehicle fleets used currently by EVs for the provision of transport services. Three models were presented, making it possible to calculate changes in energy demand for each scenario. In the first model, EVs were charged exclusively from the distribution network. In the second, the energy generation from a renewable source was considered and the possibility of compensating the energy demand of the vehicles from this source was demonstrated. In the third model, the daily load profile and the period of maximum load in the electricity grid were considered. The results are presented in graphical and tabular form. Finally, the potential of using an EV fleet to increase the functionality of a modern industry object was determined and discussed. Based on data for the adopted scenarios, electrification of transport can increase demand for energy by 40.9% for individual enterprises. The electrification of the automotive sector will increase the instantaneous energy demand of businesses, forcing the integration of renewable energy sources during designing new invests.

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Analysis and Modeling of the Wear-Out Process of a Lithium-Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt Cell during Cycling Operation under Constant Load Conditions

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Degradation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in an Electric Transport Complex

Degradation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in an Electric Transport Complex

An Intelligent Controlling Method for Battery Lifetime Increment Using State of Charge Estimation in PV-Battery Hybrid System

Potential of Using Medium Electric Vehicle Fleet in a Commercial Enterprise Transport in Germany on the Basis of Real-World GPS Data

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