Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography of Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus (black scorpion) venom

Zerrouk, H.; Bougis, Pierre E.; Céard, Brigitte; Benslimane, A.; Martin‐Eauclaire, Marie‐France

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(91)90078-6

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…At least several major proteins, considered highly toxic to mice, have already been purified and chemically and pharmacologically characterized as classical α -toxins [18, 19]. All together, these toxins represent about 28% of the absorbance (wavelength 280 nm) of the crude venom and 73% of the total lethality for mice.…”

Section: The Androctonus Mauretanicus Mauretanicus Venommentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium Channels Blockers from the Venom ofAndroctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus

Martin‐Eauclaire

Bougis

2012

Journal of Toxicology

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K+ channels selectively transport K+ ions across cell membranes and play a key role in regulating the physiology of excitable and nonexcitable cells. Their activation allows the cell to repolarize after action potential firing and reduces excitability, whereas channel inhibition increases excitability. In eukaryotes, the pharmacology and pore topology of several structural classes of K+ channels have been well characterized in the past two decades. This information has come about through the extensive use of scorpion toxins. We have participated in the isolation and in the characterization of several structurally distinct families of scorpion toxin peptides exhibiting different K+ channel blocking functions. In particular, the venom from the Moroccan scorpion Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus provided several high-affinity blockers selective for diverse K+ channels (SKCa, Kv4.x, and Kv1.x K+ channel families). In this paper, we summarize our work on these toxin/channel interactions.

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Section: The Androctonus Mauretanicus Mauretanicus Venommentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium Channels Blockers from the Venom ofAndroctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus

Martin‐Eauclaire

Bougis

2012

Journal of Toxicology

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“…5,6 These polypeptides enhance excitability of nerve and muscle cells in scorpion sting victims and also cause death, particularly in children. 7 The onset of clinical symptoms is rapid (within 5-30 min) following the sting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11] The toxicity of A. mauretanicus mauretanicus venom is due to the presence of neurotoxins that are specifically active on sodium and potassium channels. 6,12 The severity of scorpion envenoming and the rapid diffusion of inoculated venom require that appropriate treatment be started as soon as possible after the sting. Most investigators consider antivenom to be the only specific treatment for envenoming by scorpion stings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scorpion envenomation and serotherapy in Morocco.

Ghalim

El-Hafny²,

Sebti³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

113

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Abstract.A clinical and biologic study was conducted in Morocco to assess the efficiency of antivenom therapy for treating victims of scorpion stings. Epidemiologic and clinical data were collected from 275 patients envenomed by Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus and Buthus occitanus scorpions. Patients received antivenom or other drugs. Blood samples were collected at the time of hospital admission and 1 hr and 3 hr after treatment. Serum venom levels were quantified by using an ELISA. An association was found between clinical signs of envenoming and the level of venom in serum. Patients classified as grade II (moderate envenoming) had higher serum levels of venom level than patients classified as grade I (mild envenoming). At admission to the hospital, the mean venom concentration was not significantly different between the group not treated with antivenom, the group who received 2-5 ml of antivenom, and the group who received 10 ml of antivenom. A significant decrease in serum venom levels and an improvement in the clinical conditions were observed in patients administered 10 ml of antivenom. The lower decrease in serum venom levels in patients who received 2-5 ml of antivenom was due to lower doses of antivenom. No difference in the venom concentration was observed in patients who were not treated with antivenom. The absence of administration of antivenom increased the risk of developing clinical signs at the end of the hospitalization period. However, this risk was much higher when more than 1 hr elapsed between the time of the scorpion sting and the time of hospital admission. The results demonstrate that antivenom is effective in decreasing circulating venom and morbidity. Serotherapy is more efficient when given as soon as possible after envenomation and with adequate quantities of antivenom.In north Africa, as in numerous tropical countries, envenomation by scorpion stings is a major public health problem, particularly in children. [1][2][3][4] The black scorpion (Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus) and the yellow scorpion (Buthus occitanus) are the most dangerous scorpions and are responsible for the majority of stings in Morocco. The epidemiologic data are incomplete, but the number of scorpion stings is estimated to be 40,000 per year in Morocco.Scorpion venoms are a complex biochemical mixture containing numerous neurotoxic polypeptides. 5,6 These polypeptides enhance excitability of nerve and muscle cells in scorpion sting victims and also cause death, particularly in children. 7 The onset of clinical symptoms is rapid (within 5-30 min) following the sting. 8,9 Respiratory failure and cardiovascular manifestations are the usual causes of death. 9-11 The toxicity of A. mauretanicus mauretanicus venom is due to the presence of neurotoxins that are specifically active on sodium and potassium channels. 6,12 The severity of scorpion envenoming and the rapid diffusion of inoculated venom require that appropriate treatment be started as soon as possible after the sting. Most investigators consider a...

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“…Unexpectedly, using competition experiments against the radioiodinated β-toxin Css II bound to its binding site on rat brain synaptosomes, a β-toxin active on mammals was also found, the first one identified in the venom from a North African scorpion (Zerrouk et al 1991). Among them Amm III, Amm IV, and Amm V were sequenced and biologically characterized as classical α-toxins.…”

Section: The Classical A-toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scorpion Venoms

2015

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In recent years, the field of toxinology has expanded substantially. On the one hand it studies venomous animals, plants and micro organisms in detail to understand their mode of action on targets. While on the other, it explores the biochemical composition, genomics and proteomics of toxins and venoms to understand their three interaction with life forms (especially humans), development of antidotes and exploring their pharmacological potential. Therefore, toxinology has deep linkages with biochemistry, molecular biology, anatomy and pharmacology. In addition, there is a fast-developing applied subfield, clinical toxinology, which deals with understanding and managing medical effects of toxins on human body. Given the huge impact of toxin-based deaths globally, and the potential of venom in generation of drugs for so-far incurable diseases (for example, diabetes, chronic pain), the continued research and growth of the field is imminent. This has led to the growth of research in the area and the consequent scholarly output by way of publications in journals and books. Despite this ever-growing body of literature within biomedical sciences, there is still no all-inclusive reference work available that collects all of the important biochemical, biomedical and clinical insights relating to toxinology. Composed of 11 volumes, Toxinology provides comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the main areas in toxinology, from fundamental concepts to new developments and applications in the field. Each volume comprises a focused and carefully chosen collection of contributions from leading names in the subject.

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Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography of Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus (black scorpion) venom

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Potassium Channels Blockers from the Venom ofAndroctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus

Potassium Channels Blockers from the Venom ofAndroctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus

Scorpion envenomation and serotherapy in Morocco.

Scorpion Venoms

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