Analysis for the relationship of environmental factors and vegetation structure at natural streamside valley and riparian forest in South Korea

Abstract

We classified the streamside plant community by phyto-sociological method and analyzed the relationship between environment factors and vegetation structure by using the classification and ordination method. We found that twenty one plant communities were classified according to dominant species at the natural streamside valley forest with surveying the 65 quadrats (10 m × 10 m). From the survey results, the hardwood plant communities were classified as streamside valley forest and the softwood plant communities as riparian forest according to the degree of flooding. The valley forest had a distribution of 17 plant communities which was 65% (42 quadrats) of 65 quadrats: Maackia amurensis community, Betula davurica community, Quercus variabilis community, Pinus densiflora community, Q. serrata community, Prunus sargentii community, and Meliosma oldhamii community etc. The riparian forest had a distribution of four plant communities which was 35% (23 quadrats) of 65 quadrats: Salix koreensis community, S. rorida community, S. purpurea var. japonica community, and S. glandulosa community, etc. From the two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) analysis, we found indicator species Oplismenus undulatifolius and Lindera obtusiloba for the streamside valley forest and Humulus japonicus, Phragmites japonica, and S. koreensis for the riparian forest. From the results of the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), coordinates, altitude, and stream structure showed low correlation to the distribution of the plant community. Therefore, it seemed that valley forest and riparian forest were distinguished by the stream gradient and waterway width which determined by the stream water level.

Assessment of composition and spatial dynamics of weed communities in agroecosystem under varying edaphic factors

“…Density and variability of weed species also depend on the inconstancy of both anthropogenic and ecological variables [15]. The essential properties of soil i.e., its pH, fertility, structure, and texture as well as crop rotation, farming practices and availability of moisture strongly impact the weed count and its heterogeneity.…”

“…But until now, the precise weed data correlated to various soil properties is limited, even though soil sensing approaches ensure soil data evaluations at high spatial resolution. Variability in the weed community structure and its distribution is chiefly influenced by various ecological drivers including crop type and its sustainability, farm management practices, physico-chemistry of the soil, seasonality, and urbanization [15].…”

Comparative view for the impact of five eco factors on species distribution and weed community structure in Isthmus of Suez and adjoining farmland east Nile delta, Egypt

“…(2001); Walther et al. (2002); Andreasen and Skovgaard (2009); Hanzlik and Gerowitt (2011); Cho et al. (2015) and Mahgoub (2017); revealed that the significance of local site characteristics such as abiotic factors (soil and climate) and management practices for the occurrence of single species, community composition and species richness, are profound.…”

Quantitative Characteristics and Environmental Interpretation of Vegetation Restoration in Burned Areas of the Dry Valleys of Southwest China

“…TWINSPAN, modified using an indicator species analysis, is capable of both quadrat and species classification, based on a reciprocal averaging axis [28]. In the present study, WinTWINS 2.3 software was used to perform TWINSPAN quantitative classification based on the importance value matrix and environmental factor matrix of vegetation species in typical quadrats, as well as the results of the 4th classification [29,30].…”

“…TWINSPAN quantitative classification is based on indicator species. Generally, five main dominant species are selected as important indicator species to objectively classify vegetation communities using TWINSPAN [28,31]. The method of DCA ordination was proposed by Hill and Gauch after research based on a correspondence analysis [34].…”