Analysis of 12 X-STRs in Greenlanders, Danes and Somalis using Argus X-12

Abstract

X-chromosome markers have become a useful set of markers of choice when certain complex kinship cases need to be unravelled. The Argus X-12 kit allows the co-amplification in a single PCR reaction of 12 X-chromosome short tandem repeats located in four linkage groups. A number of 507 unrelated individuals from Greenland, Denmark and Somalia together with two generation families were typed using the Argus X-12 kit. Silent alleles for the DXS10148 and DXS10146 systems were observed in males, mostly from Somalia. High levels of intrapopulation variability and therefore high forensic parameter values were calculated for the three studied populations. The population in Greenland showed a significantly lower intrapopulation variability and a high genetic differentiation compared with 13 other populations. Significant levels of linkage disequilibrium were observed between markers belonging to the same linkage group, mainly in the populations in Greenland and Somalia. Family studies allowed the calculation of mutation and recombination frequencies. A higher male versus female mutation rate was obtained, with an average value of 3.3 × 10(-3). Recombination fraction calculations performed on two generation families showed, as previously described, a not complete independence between X-chromosome linkage groups 3 and 4.

Genetic study of 12 X-STRs in Malay population living in and around Kuala Lumpur using Investigator Argus X-12 kit

“…The present data showed significant differences in 9 of the 12 loci in comparison with the Korean population (P<0.0021; excluding DXS7132, DXS10103, and DXS10146) [6], and in 7 loci in comparison with the South Chinese population (P<0.0000001; excluding DXS10135, DYS8378, HPRTB, DXS10146, and DXS10134) [12]. The data also revealed significant differences in 10 of the loci in comparison with the German population (P<0.0012; excluding DXS10135 and DXS10103; X-STR.org) and in 11 loci in comparison with the Somali population (excluding DXS7132) [13]. These features suggest that allelic distribution of many X-STRs in the Malay population differs from that in East Asian, European, and African populations.…”

“…[Germans from X-STRorg (http://www.chrx-str.org)], and African populations [13] to determine the general features of the X-STRs in the Malay population (Table S1). Among 11 of these 12 loci (excluding DXS10103), significant differences were observed in allele frequencies in 9 loci (P<0.0023, excluding DXS10135 and DXS8378) between the present data and the data of a Japanese population [11].…”

“…The largest allele so far found in East Asians was 33.1 in Korean [6,11,12]. (Table 2), and other alleles reported so far [4,6,11,13] (Table S2). As shown in Table 2, a few mutational events appear to have occurred in the common allelic structure.…”

“…Allele 31 was also found in Swedish population [15], and similar-sized alleles in Somalian populations [13], but was the largest one found in East Asians among alleles designated by an integer ( Table 2). The repeat structural pattern was the same as that of the common allele designated by an integer.…”

“…The human X chromosome has been the focus of much research in the fields of population genetics and forensics in recent years, and closely linked groups of markers are becoming more attractive [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STRs) can be used to complement autosomal STRs in paternity testing in female children.…”