Analysis of a sample of type 2 diabetic patients with obesity or overweight and at cardiovascular risk: a cross sectional study in Spain

Abstract

BackgroundThe multifactorial control of diabetes relies on interventions that provide patients with the best knowledge and resources available. The objective of this research was to analyze the clinical characteristics of a sample of people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, and establish possible links between disease control, family history and lifestyle, to improve the quality of interventions. Family history, lifestyle habits, blood pressure, anthropometric data and laboratory tests were analyzed in this descriptive and comparative cross-sectional study.ResultsAll patients had a pathological body mass index (BMI), and in those patients with a family history of diabetes, the disease was more serious and onset was earlier. Overall, 70.9% were taking drugs for arterial blood pressure management, with mean values within recommended limits; 87.1% were taking antihyperlipidemic drugs and had mean values for blood lipids within reference range; 93.5% were receiving oral antidiabetic drugs and/or insulin and had blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values higher than recommended limit; and 87% were taking antiplatelet drugs and had fibrinogen and ultrasensitive C-reactive protein higher than the normal range. High HbA1c values were found in a high proportion of our sample who were not following a tailored diet (84.2%), and better BMIs were associated with moderate physical activity. Coexistence of somatic disorders (97.4% of the sample with musculoskeletal diseases) could lead to the lack of physical activity.ConclusionsThis sample of patients with type 2 diabetes and at high cardiovascular risk, had acceptable metabolic control, facilitated by drug therapy. Family history of diabetes was associated with earlier disease onset and worse disease progression. Patients who were not following a tailored diet had worse HbA1c values compared with those who were. Individuals who practiced moderate physical activity in line with international recommendations for weight maintenance had the best BMI values, but the high prevalence of comorbidities could adversely affect exercise habits. Appropriate use of medication, dietary advice, and tailored physiotherapy physical activity suitable for people with comorbidities should be included in multifactorial treatment strategies for these patients, particularly in the presence of a family history of diabetes.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Poorly Controlled Diabetes Mellitus

“…Obesity is considered to be a significant independent cardiovascular risk factor, but both, obesity and DM are not included in the equation of cardiovascular risk assessment, but only as additive variable. A link between obesity and cardiovascular risk in DM patients is shown by a study which concluded that patients with poor nutrition, lack of physical activity have higher HbA1c values and that they constitute the largest number of patients with very high cardiovascular risk ( 14 ). “Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes)” is a great clinical study of the effects of persistent weight loss on glycemia and the prevention of CVD and vascular incidents in patients with DM type 2.…”

Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Poland (based on the PolSenior Study)

“…However, only 50% were treated with OAPs and/or OACs. On the other hand, Lucha-López et al described a sample of 38 Spanish T2DM subjects with overweight and obesity, and ASA was used by 87% of participants [ 22 ].…”

Obesity and hyperlipidemia aggravate serum amino acid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes

“…Overweight or obese in patients with T2D were estimated to be around 86% in the United Kingdom within 3637 patients [2]. Obesity with T2D [3] and hyperlipidemia [4] contributes to worse cardiovascular risk factor without weight maintenance management.…”