Analysis of a Sea Fog Episode at King George Island, Antarctica

Abstract

In this study, a marine fog episode at King George Island off the Antarctic Peninsula from 26–30 January 2017 was investigated using surface observations, upper-air soundings, and re-analysis data as well as the air mass backward trajectory method. The marine fog episode resulted from an approaching low-pressure system, was maintained at high wind speeds, and quickly dissipated when the low-pressure system passed the observation site. During this episode, cloud lay existed above the fog and stratus, the atmosphere was stably stratified for 1600 m, and the air close to the surface was more mixed than air in the upper layer. The air-sea temperature difference (ASTD) of 1–2 °C and a strong surface wind parallel to the gradient of SST were two important factors in the formation and maintenance of the marine fog near the Antarctic region. The convergence of flux for both water vapor and heat during the fog episode was also discussed.

Enhancing Maritime Safety and Efficiency: A Comprehensive Sea Fog Monitoring System for Ningbo Zhoushan Port

“…Sea fog is typically unevenly distributed over the complex terrain of the NZP, with dense localized air-mass fog often concentrating in the port area [19]. According to data analysis, collisions account for 50% of accidents involving China Ocean Shipping Corporation vessels, and bad weather, particularly poor visibility, is the primary cause of collisions [20][21][22]. The visibility considerably influences the safety of vessel navigation, and dense fog has a pronounced adverse effect on maritime traffic.…”

Monitoring and analysis of sea fog in an offshore waterway using lidar

“…at 1.172 billion tons, ranking it the first in the world for the 12th consecutive year. Consequently, the meteorological fine (i.e., comprehensive and targeted) service demands, including the routing of ships, wharf stop, and port area operation, are very high, especially when sea fog [10][11][12] is present. Therefore, to improve the meteorological services, the Ningbo Meteorological Department built a modern marine monitoring system in the port.…”