Analysis of Agricultural Drought’s Severity and Impacts in Erbil Province, the Iraqi Kurdistan Region based on Time Series NDVI and TCI Indices for 1998 through 2017

Gaznayee, Heman Abdulkhaleq A.; Al-Quraishi, Ayad M. Fadhil

doi:10.5373/jardcs/v11i11/20193198

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…It negatively affects irrigated farmlands and areas that depend on rainfed irrigation farmlands. It also has serious consequences on population distribution, production, and life (Al-Quraishi et al, 2019;Gaznayee and Al-Quraishi, 2019a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought trend analysis in a semi-arid area of Iraq based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index and Standardized Precipitation Index

2021

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Drought was a severe recurring phenomenon in Iraq over the past two decades due to climate change despite the fact that Iraq has been one of the most water-rich countries in the Middle East in the past. The Iraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR) is located in the north of Iraq, which has also suffered from extreme drought. In this study, the drought severity status in Sulaimaniyah Province, one of four provinces of the IKR, was investigated for the years from 1998 to 2017. Thus, Landsat time series dataset, including 40 images, were downloaded and used in this study. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) were utilized as spectral-based drought indices and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was employed as a meteorological-based drought index, to assess the drought severity and analyse the changes of vegetative cover and water bodies. The study area experienced precipitation deficiency and severe drought in

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought trend analysis in a semi-arid area of Iraq based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index and Standardized Precipitation Index

2021

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“…Vegetation cover has a critical role in climate change by sequestering, or storing, large quantities of carbon. Several climate research projects focused on the quantification of vegetation cover to study the drought severity [1][2][3]. Moreover, it has been used to investigate a relationship with soil [4], temperature and urban form [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Vegetation Cover in Kurdistan Region-Iraq using MODIS Image Data

Mustafa¹

2020

JASTT

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The rapidly and wide use of remote sensing and accurately obtain information on the spatiotemporal distribution of large-scale vegetation is of great significance for improving and managing the Environment. To assess and analyze the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation status in Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRGI), we used time series NDVI-based vegetation that are extracted from MOD13Q1 MODIS product over 20 years (2000 - 2019). The results showed that vegetation was mainly distributed in the north-east to south-east of the KRGI, while west region has less distributed and almost no vegetation. This is clearly remarkable in the south-west part of the region (Garmian administration). While, the most dominated vegetation province was Duhok province in KRGI during study period. There is a noticeable temporal variation in vegetation over a period of 20-year in the KRGI. The lower vegetated cover area is observed in the years 2000, 2008, and 2009. The increase/decrease of vegetated cover area is not only effected by climate conditions. The anthropogenic resource is also one of the main resources that has a major influence on the increase/decrease of vegetation.

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“…In literature, Iraq is known as the fertile crescent, or the northern territories of Mesopotamia, and has been under investigation by different researchers [3][4][5]. Severe drought has affected the IKR as well as the other parts of Iraq throughout the last decades, which characterized by a dramatic drop in precipitation rates [6][7][8]. Various impacts can occur as a result of drought, such as the decline of groundwater resources, depletion in lakes/ reservoirs, shortage of drinking water, and reduced field crop and fodder availability [8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Drought Status in Duhok Governorate (Iraqi Kurdistan Region) from 1998 through 2012 using Landsat Time Series Dataset

Gaznayee

Al-Quraishi²

2020

JASTT

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Drought is a natural hazard that has a significant impact on the various aspects (i.e., economic, agricultural, environmental, and social). This study was carried out to evaluate drought severity and frequency during the growing season (April month) in Duhok Governorate (DUG), the Iraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR), for the period from 1998 through 2012 based on Landsat-based spectral indices. In this study, 15 mosaics assembled for 15 years consist of two scenes of Landsat time series, in a total of 30 TM and ETM+ images (WRS2: 170/34 & 170/35) acquired in 1998 to 2012. Annual precipitation data were collected from 18 meteorological stations distributed in the (DUG) for the study period. Drought status was investigated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI2), and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). The study results showed an increase in drought severity and frequency in the (DUG) during the fifty years, particularly in 2000 and 2008. Whereas, the NDVI-based vegetation cover area has been reduced by 21.5% and 50.2% in 2000 and 2008, respectively. Additionally, the lowest values of the MSAVI2 (0.012 and 0.266) occurred in 2000 and 2008. As a result, the percentage of the vegetation cover reduction was 14.0% and 23.9%, respectively. Moreover, drop-in precipitation averages have occurred in those two drought years 2000 and 2008, as well as a significant reduction in the vegetation cover. On the other side, the most significant shrinkage in Duhok Dam (DUD) was by 1.13, 1.44, and 1.36 km2 in 2007, 2008, and 2009. It can be concluded that there are increasing drought episodes in the last two decades, declining in the water body surface area, and decreasing the precipitation averages in DUG from 1998 through 2012.

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Analysis of Agricultural Drought’s Severity and Impacts in Erbil Province, the Iraqi Kurdistan Region based on Time Series NDVI and TCI Indices for 1998 through 2017

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Drought trend analysis in a semi-arid area of Iraq based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index and Standardized Precipitation Index

Drought trend analysis in a semi-arid area of Iraq based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index and Standardized Precipitation Index

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Vegetation Cover in Kurdistan Region-Iraq using MODIS Image Data

Identifying Drought Status in Duhok Governorate (Iraqi Kurdistan Region) from 1998 through 2012 using Landsat Time Series Dataset

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